ABPP Clinical Neuropsychology flashcards
ABPP Clinical Neuropsychology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Broca's aphasia
- Nonfluent aphasia with relatively preserved comprehension and impaired repetition, caused by damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area).
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Fluent aphasia with poor comprehension and impaired repetition, associated with damage to the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area).
- Hippocampus
- Medial temporal lobe structure critical for declarative memory consolidation; bilateral damage causes anterograde amnesia with intact procedural learning.
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- Region mediating working memory, planning, and cognitive flexibility; damage impairs set-shifting and executive control.
- Reliable change index
- Statistic comparing an individual's change score to measurement error, used to determine whether change exceeds expected practice or random fluctuation.
- Base rate of low scores
- Proportion of healthy individuals obtaining low scores on a test; important for interpreting multiple low scores without overdiagnosing impairment.
- Effort testing
- Assessment of validity of performance, using standalone and embedded measures to detect feigning or insufficient effort.
- Working memory capacity
- Limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information, often estimated at 4±1 chunks in adults.
- Episodic memory
- Memory for personally experienced events, involving encoding, consolidation, and retrieval; assessed with list learning and story recall tasks.
- Executive functions
- Higher-order cognitive processes including inhibition, set-shifting, planning, and generativity; assessed by Stroop, WCST, and verbal fluency.
- Hemispheric neglect
- Failure to attend to one side of space, more common after right hemisphere lesions, often affecting left side of space.
- Diffusion-weighted imaging
- MRI sequence detecting restricted diffusion, highly sensitive to acute ischemic stroke within minutes of onset.
- BOLD signal
- Blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI signal reflecting changes in blood oxygenation, used to infer neural activity during tasks.
- FDG-PET
- PET imaging using fluorodeoxyglucose to measure glucose metabolism; shows hypometabolism in neurodegenerative disease.
- Errorless learning
- Rehabilitation technique preventing mistakes during skill acquisition, reducing false memories in amnesia.
- Spaced retrieval
- Memory rehabilitation method using expanding intervals between recall trials to improve retention of functional information.
- Functional analysis
- Behavioral assessment identifying antecedents and consequences of behavior to design effective environmental and reinforcement interventions.
- Informed consent
- Process disclosing purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, alternatives, and right to withdraw, obtained before assessment or treatment.
- Confidentiality limits
- Confidentiality may be breached for imminent harm to self or others, suspected abuse, or court order.
- Forensic role clarity
- Neuropsychologists must clarify whether serving as treating clinician or expert consultant, maintaining objectivity in forensic evaluations.
- Sensitivity
- Proportion of true cases correctly identified by a test; high sensitivity reduces false negatives.
- Specificity
- Proportion of non-cases correctly identified by a test; high specificity reduces false positives.
- Positive predictive value
- Probability that a positive test result is a true positive; depends on prevalence and test sensitivity/specificity.
- Effect size
- Quantitative measure of magnitude of difference or association (e.g., Cohen's d), independent of statistical significance.
- Acculturation
- Process of cultural change and adaptation experienced by individuals exposed to a new culture; affects test performance and interpretation.
- Stereotype threat
- Risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, which can depress test performance; reduced by supportive testing environment.
- Developmental norms
- Age-specific normative data essential for pediatric assessment, reflecting ongoing brain development into early adulthood.
- Normal aging
- Age-related declines in processing speed and some memory functions, with preserved vocabulary and semantic knowledge.
- Consultee-centered consultation
- Consultation model focusing on building the consultee's skills and confidence to address client issues indirectly.
- Interprofessional collaboration
- Team-based approach respecting each discipline's expertise, with clear role delineation to optimize patient care.
- Supervision goals
- Supervision should include goal setting, direct observation, feedback, and evaluation to develop supervisee competence.
- Cultural humility
- Lifelong commitment to self-reflection and awareness of power dynamics, essential in supervision and consultation relationships.