ABPS Family Medicine (BCFM) flashcards

40 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

ASCVD statin threshold

A 10-year ASCVD risk of 7.5% or higher with risk enhancers, or 10% or higher, generally warrants a moderate-intensity statin; 20% or higher warrants high-intensity therapy.

Hypertension stage 1 criteria

Stage 1 hypertension is systolic 130-139 or diastolic 80-89 mmHg, confirmed on at least two elevated readings on two separate occasions.

Diabetes diagnostic A1c

An A1c of 6.5% or higher, fasting glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher, or a 2-hour OGTT of 200 mg/dL or higher supports diabetes diagnosis, usually requiring confirmation.

CURB-65 score

A pneumonia severity score using confusion, urea above 7 mmol/L, respiratory rate 30 or higher, low blood pressure, and age 65 or older; two or more points generally indicates inpatient care.

HFrEF quadruple therapy

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction of 40% or less is treated with an ACE inhibitor, ARB, or ARNI plus a beta-blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and SGLT2 inhibitor.

Infant fever under 8 weeks

Any infant younger than 8 weeks with a temperature of 38.0°C or higher requires a full sepsis evaluation including lumbar puncture and empiric antibiotics.

Kawasaki disease criteria

Fever for at least five days plus four of five features: rash, conjunctivitis, oral mucosal changes, extremity changes, and cervical lymphadenopathy; treatment is IVIG plus aspirin.

Simple febrile seizure features

A generalized seizure lasting under 15 minutes occurring once in 24 hours in a child aged 6 months to 5 years; routine EEG and neuroimaging are not indicated.

Pediatric dehydration rehydration

Mild to moderate dehydration is treated with 50-100 mL/kg of isotonic fluid over 3-4 hours, using oral rehydration when tolerated.

Adolescent depression screening

The USPSTF recommends screening adolescents aged 12-18 for major depressive disorder using validated tools such as the PHQ-A.

Preeclampsia definition

Blood pressure of 140/90 or higher after 20 weeks gestation with proteinuria of 300 mg/24 h or more or end-organ dysfunction; delivery is the definitive treatment.

Gestational diabetes screening

A 50 g one-hour glucose challenge at 24-28 weeks is followed by a diagnostic 100 g three-hour OGTT using Carpenter-Coustan or NDDG thresholds.

RhD immune globulin timing

RhD-negative unsensitized women receive anti-D immune globulin at about 28 weeks and within 72 hours of delivery of an RhD-positive infant.

Emergency contraception options

Levonorgestrel is effective up to 72 hours, ulipristal up to 120 hours, and the copper IUD is the most effective option when placed within 5 days.

Cervical cancer screening ages

Screening begins at 21; ages 21-29 use cytology every 3 years; ages 30-65 use cytology every 3 years, co-testing every 5 years, or primary HPV every 5 years.

Postpartum hemorrhage first step

Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage; initial management includes bimanual uterine massage and oxytocin as the first-line uterotonic.

Beers Criteria purpose

The Beers Criteria list potentially inappropriate medications for older adults, including benzodiazepines, strong anticholinergics, and long-acting sulfonylureas.

Delirium detection tool

The Confusion Assessment Method identifies delirium by acute onset with fluctuating course, inattention, and either disorganized thinking or altered consciousness.

Falls screening in elderly

Older adults should be screened annually for falls; those with a fall history or gait and balance problems need a multifactorial risk assessment.

PHQ-9 score interpretation

Scores of 5-9 indicate mild depression, 10-14 moderate, 15-19 moderately severe, and 20 or higher severe; 10 or higher suggests clinically significant depression.

Serotonin syndrome triad

Serotonin syndrome presents with mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity; management is stopping serotonergic agents and supportive care.

Bipolar disorder treatment caution

Mood stabilizers such as lithium or valproate are first-line for bipolar disorder; antidepressant monotherapy is avoided because it can precipitate mania.

Opioid use disorder treatment

Buprenorphine or methadone are first-line medications for opioid use disorder; naloxone reverses acute overdose and should be available to at-risk patients.

Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity is true positives divided by true positives plus false negatives; specificity is true negatives divided by true negatives plus false positives.

Herd immunity threshold

The herd immunity threshold equals 1 minus 1 divided by R0; diseases with higher R0 require higher vaccination coverage to interrupt transmission.

Lead-time and length-time bias

Lead-time bias is earlier detection without prolonged survival; length-time bias is overrepresentation of slower-progressing cases in screening programs.

Lung cancer screening criteria

Annual low-dose CT is recommended for adults aged 50-80 with at least a 20 pack-year smoking history who currently smoke or quit within 15 years.

Colorectal cancer screening ages

The USPSTF recommends colorectal cancer screening for adults aged 45-75 using colonoscopy every 10 years, annual FIT, or another endorsed strategy.

Tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy

First-line medications for tobacco cessation include varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine replacement therapy, combined with behavioral counseling using the 5 A's framework.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3-0.5 mg of 1:1000 concentration is given in the mid-outer thigh, repeated every 5-15 minutes as needed; antihistamines and steroids are adjuncts.

Status epilepticus sequence

Status epilepticus is treated first with a benzodiazepine such as lorazepam or midazolam, followed by a second-line agent such as fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, or valproate.

Hyperkalemia with ECG changes

When hyperkalemia causes ECG changes, intravenous calcium is given first to stabilize the myocardium, followed by insulin with glucose, albuterol, and potassium removal.

Ottawa ankle rules

An ankle X-ray is indicated with malleolar pain plus bone tenderness at the posterior lateral or medial malleolus or inability to bear weight for four steps.

Concussion return to play

After concussion, athletes follow a graded return-to-learn then return-to-play protocol and should never return to play on the same day as the injury.

Lidocaine maximum dose

The maximum dose of lidocaine is 4.5 mg/kg without epinephrine and 7 mg/kg with epinephrine; bupivacaine maximum is 2.5 mg/kg.

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis timing

Prophylactic antibiotics are given within 60 minutes before incision, or within 120 minutes for vancomycin and fluoroquinolones, and redosed during long procedures.

Suture removal timing

Facial sutures are typically removed in 5-7 days, while trunk and extremity sutures remain 7-14 days; absorbable sutures are used for mucosal and subcuticular closures.

HIPAA breach notification

Under the HIPAA Privacy Rule, covered entities must notify affected individuals of a breach of unsecured protected health information within 60 days of discovery.

Malpractice four elements

A malpractice claim requires duty, breach of that duty, causation, and damages; thorough documentation is the strongest defense against such claims.

E/M coding modifier 25

Modifier 25 is appended to a problem-oriented evaluation and management code when a significant, separately identifiable service is provided on the same day as a preventive visit.