ABPS Ophthalmology flashcards
ABPS Ophthalmology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Corneal endothelial pump
- Active fluid transport by the corneal endothelium that maintains relative deturgescence and transparency; endothelial cell loss is irreversible and can lead to corneal edema.
- Fleischer ring
- A ring of iron deposition in the basal epithelium at the base of a keratoconic cone, best seen with cobalt blue light or the slit lamp.
- Seidel test
- A slit-lamp test using fluorescein to detect aqueous leakage from a corneal or scleral wound; a positive test shows a dark stream against the green fluorescence.
- Dendritic ulcer
- A branching epithelial defect with terminal bulbs caused by herpes simplex virus; it stains with fluorescein and is treated with antiviral therapy.
- Barrett Universal II
- A modern intraocular lens power formula using anterior chamber depth and lens thickness; it performs well across a wide range of axial lengths.
- Effective phaco time
- A measure of cumulative ultrasound energy delivered during phacoemulsification; higher values correlate with greater endothelial cell loss and corneal edema.
- Post-LASIK IOL power
- Intraocular lens power calculation after corneal refractive surgery requires historical refraction or no-history formulas because standard keratometric formulas are unreliable.
- Second sight
- A temporary myopic shift from nuclear sclerotic cataract that improves near vision in presbyopic patients before overall vision declines.
- Goldmann applanation
- A tonometry method measuring the force needed to flatten a standard corneal area; readings are affected by central corneal thickness and corneal curvature.
- Van Herick grading
- A slit-lamp technique estimating anterior chamber angle width by comparing peripheral anterior chamber depth with corneal thickness; a narrow estimate prompts gonioscopy.
- Laser peripheral iridotomy
- A laser procedure creating a hole in the iris to relieve pupillary block in angle-closure glaucoma; it does not treat plateau iris or lens-induced mechanisms.
- Prentice rule
- Prism power induced by decentration equals decentration in centimeters multiplied by lens power in diopters; used to calculate prismatic effect in spectacles.
- Central retinal artery occlusion
- Sudden painless vision loss with a pale retina and cherry-red macula from retinal arterial obstruction; it is an ocular emergency.
- Posterior vitreous detachment
- Separation of the vitreous from the retina causing flashes and floaters; it may be accompanied by retinal tears or detachment.
- Macular hole
- A full-thickness defect in the fovea causing central scotoma and metamorphopsia; optical coherence tomography confirms the diagnosis.
- Diabetic macular edema
- Retinal thickening from fluid accumulation in the macula in diabetic retinopathy; anti-VEGF injections are first-line therapy for center-involving disease.
- Afferent pupillary defect
- A relative pupillary defect in which the affected eye dilates when light swings to it; it indicates optic nerve or severe retinal dysfunction.
- Papilledema
- Bilateral optic disc swelling from raised intracranial pressure; visual acuity is typically preserved early, and imaging is required.
- Bitemporal hemianopia
- Loss of both temporal visual fields from a chiasmal lesion, commonly a pituitary adenoma compressing the optic chiasm.
- Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
- Impaired adduction on the affected side with nystagmus of the abducting eye from a medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion, often due to multiple sclerosis.
- Orbital cellulitis
- Infection of orbital tissues causing fever, proptosis, pain with eye movement, and restricted motility; it requires urgent antibiotics and imaging.
- Chalazion
- A lipogranuloma of a meibomian gland presenting as a painless eyelid nodule; it may resolve with warm compresses or require incision and curettage.
- Thyroid eye disease
- An autoimmune orbitopathy causing lid retraction, proptosis, and restrictive strabismus; compressive optic neuropathy is treated with orbital decompression.
- Accommodative esotropia
- An inward deviation in a hyperopic child corrected by accommodative effort; hyperopic glasses reduce the deviation by relaxing accommodation.
- Leukocoria
- A white pupillary reflex in a child that requires urgent evaluation for retinoblastoma and other serious intraocular disease.
- Congenital glaucoma
- Elevated intraocular pressure in infancy causing buphthalmos, corneal edema, photophobia, and tearing; it is treated surgically.
- Hypopyon
- A layer of white blood cells in the anterior chamber indicating severe intraocular inflammation or infection, such as endophthalmitis or Behçet disease.
- Posterior synechiae
- Adhesions between the iris and the lens that form during uveitis; they are prevented with cycloplegia and treated with topical steroids.
- Uveal melanoma
- The most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults; it presents as a pigmented choroidal mass and can metastasize to the liver.
- Retinoblastoma
- A childhood intraocular malignancy presenting with leukocoria or strabismus; calcification on imaging is characteristic and treatment includes chemotherapy.
- Spherical equivalent
- The sum of the spherical power plus half the cylindrical power; it represents the single spherical lens that focuses light at the same circle of least confusion.
- Kestenbaum rule
- A method estimating the add power needed for low vision: add power equals 4 divided by the best-corrected acuity expressed as a fraction.