ABPTS CCS flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

S3 heart sound

An early diastolic low-pitched sound caused by rapid ventricular filling; in adults it suggests volume overload or heart failure and warrants evaluation.

Orthostatic hypotension criteria

A fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic of at least 10 mm Hg within three minutes of standing.

Ankle-brachial index interpretation

An ABI of 0.90 or less indicates peripheral arterial disease; 0.91 to 1.00 is borderline, and above 1.30 suggests noncompressible calcified arteries.

Jugular venous pressure

Measured with the patient at 30 to 45 degrees; a vertical height more than 3 cm above the sternal angle indicates elevated right atrial pressure.

Obstructive spirometry pattern

A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.70 defines airflow obstruction; severity is graded by FEV1 percent predicted.

Peak cough flow threshold

A peak cough flow below 270 L/min suggests ineffective secretion clearance and increased risk of respiratory complications during illness.

MIP weakness threshold

A maximal inspiratory pressure less negative than -60 cmH2O suggests inspiratory muscle weakness; normal values are roughly -80 to -100 cmH2O.

Exertional desaturation criterion

A fall in SpO2 of 4 percent or more, or any value below 88 percent during walking, indicates exertional hypoxemia requiring reassessment.

Sternal precautions after sternotomy

For six to eight weeks avoid lifting more than 5 to 10 pounds and avoid pushing or pulling with the arms to protect sternal healing.

COPD oxygen target

In patients with COPD at risk for hypercapnia, titrate supplemental oxygen to an SpO2 of 88 to 92 percent rather than higher levels.

Phase II cardiac rehabilitation

Typically 36 supervised sessions, two to three times weekly for about 12 weeks, with ECG monitoring and progressive exercise after a cardiac event.

ICU mobilization safety criteria

Mobilize when MAP is at least 65, FiO2 no more than 0.60, PEEP no more than 10, and vasopressors are stable or decreasing.

Karvonen heart rate reserve

Target heart rate equals resting heart rate plus the product of heart rate reserve and desired intensity, where reserve is maximal minus resting heart rate.

One MET defined

One metabolic equivalent equals 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram per minute, roughly the oxygen cost of quiet sitting at rest.

Six-minute walk MCID

A change of about 30 meters in six-minute walk distance is generally considered the minimal clinically important difference in cardiopulmonary populations.

Exercise test termination criteria

Stop for chest pain, ST depression of 2 mm or more, sustained ventricular tachycardia, a fall in systolic pressure, or neurologic symptoms.

Normal PR interval

The PR interval normally measures 0.12 to 0.20 seconds; prolongation beyond 0.20 seconds indicates first-degree atrioventricular block.

Corrected QT formula

QTc equals QT divided by the square root of the RR interval; values above 500 ms increase the risk of torsades de pointes.

Atrial fibrillation ECG

An irregularly irregular rhythm with absent P waves and variable RR intervals; fibrillatory waves may be visible in some leads.

ST depression ischemia threshold

Horizontal or downsloping ST depression of at least 1 mm in two contiguous leads suggests myocardial ischemia during stress testing.

Mean arterial pressure formula

MAP equals diastolic pressure plus one third of the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure; a value of at least 65 mm Hg is a common resuscitation target.

MRC sum score weakness

The Medical Research Council sum score across six muscle groups; a total below 48 of 60 indicates intensive care unit acquired weakness.

qSOFA sepsis screen

A bedside screen using respiratory rate 22 or higher, altered mentation, and systolic pressure 100 or lower; two or more positive items suggest poor outcome.

Tracheostomy cuff pressure

Cuff pressure should generally be maintained between 20 and 30 cmH2O to prevent aspiration while avoiding tracheal mucosal ischemia.

OARS motivational interviewing

Open questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries are core communication skills used to strengthen a patient's own motivation for behavior change.

Transtheoretical model stages

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse; interventions are matched to the patient's current stage of readiness.

Teach-back method

Ask the patient to explain instructions in their own words to confirm understanding; this detects and corrects health literacy gaps.

SMART goal criteria

Goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound are more useful for rehabilitation planning than general intentions.

Sensitivity definition

Sensitivity equals true positives divided by true positives plus false negatives; it is the proportion of people with disease correctly identified.

Number needed to treat

The reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction; it estimates how many patients must be treated to prevent one additional adverse outcome.

Type I error

Rejecting a true null hypothesis, also called alpha; conventionally set at 0.05, meaning a 5 percent chance of a false positive.

Kappa reliability interpretation

A statistic correcting for chance agreement; values above 0.80 indicate almost perfect agreement, 0.61 to 0.80 substantial, and below 0.40 poor.