ABPTS SCS flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- ACWR sweet spot
- Acute:chronic workload ratio between approximately 0.8 and 1.3, associated with lowest injury risk; values above 1.5 indicate rapid load spikes.
- FIFA 11+ program
- Structured 20-minute neuromuscular warm-up with running, strength, plyometric, and balance components performed at least twice weekly; reduces lower-extremity injuries.
- Nordic hamstring exercise
- Eccentric hamstring strengthening exercise that reduces hamstring strain injury incidence when performed regularly in preseason and in-season training.
- Youth sport specialization
- Intensive year-round training in a single sport at the exclusion of others; associated with increased overuse injury and burnout risk in adolescents.
- Ottawa Ankle Rules
- Imaging indicated if malleolar or midfoot bone tenderness plus inability to bear weight four steps, or posterior malleolar/navicular tenderness.
- Lachman test
- Anterior tibial translation with knee flexed 20-30 degrees; most sensitive clinical test for ACL rupture, especially in the acute setting.
- McMurray test
- Rotational knee flexion maneuver that produces a palpable click or pain; low sensitivity but higher specificity for meniscal tears.
- Squeeze test
- Compression of the tibia and fibula above the ankle that provokes pain in syndesmotic injury of the distal tibiofibular joint.
- SnNout heuristic
- A highly Sensitive test with a Negative result helps rule out disease; SpPin means a highly Specific test with a Positive result rules it in.
- NEXUS criteria
- Five clinical criteria (no tenderness, no intoxication, normal alertness, no focal deficit, no distracting injury) that determine need for cervical spine imaging.
- Heavy slow resistance
- Tendinopathy loading protocol using 3-4 sets of 15 reps at about 70% 1RM, three times weekly for 12 weeks, with slow controlled tempo.
- PEACE and LOVE
- Updated soft tissue injury framework: Protection, Elevation, Avoid anti-inflammatories, Compression, Education; then Load, Optimism, Vascularization, Exercise.
- Blood flow restriction training
- Low-load exercise (20-30% 1RM) with 50-80% arterial occlusion pressure, increasing strength and hypertrophy when heavy loading is contraindicated.
- Isometric exercise analgesia
- Sustained isometric contractions at moderate intensity can produce short-term reduction in tendon pain, useful before progressive loading begins.
- Criteria-based rehabilitation
- Progression through rehab phases based on objective milestones such as range of motion, strength symmetry, and functional tests rather than elapsed time.
- Corticosteroid injection tradeoff
- Provides short-term pain relief in tendinopathy but is associated with worse long-term outcomes compared with exercise-based loading programs.
- ACL-RSI
- Psychological readiness questionnaire after ACL reconstruction; lower scores predict poorer return-to-sport outcomes and higher reinjury concern.
- Hop test battery
- Series of single-leg hop tests assessing limb symmetry; a component of return-to-sport testing but with limited individual predictive validity.
- Limb symmetry index
- Involved limb performance divided by uninvolved limb performance, multiplied by 100; a value of at least 90% is a common return-to-sport threshold.
- Linear periodization
- Training model with progressive increases in intensity and decreases in volume across mesocycles, typically from high-volume/low-intensity to low-volume/high-intensity.
- Undulating periodization
- Training model that varies volume and intensity more frequently (daily or weekly) rather than in long linear blocks, to manage fatigue and stimulus.
- Plyometric progression
- Sequenced jump training from landing mechanics to in-place jumps, distance jumps, and depth jumps, emphasizing quality and short ground contact.
- Informed consent elements
- Disclosure of diagnosis, proposed intervention, material risks and benefits, alternatives, and the patient's right to refuse or withdraw.
- Teach-back method
- Asking patients to restate information in their own words to verify comprehension, improving recall and adherence in patient education.
- Anti-Kickback Statute
- Federal law prohibiting knowingly offering or receiving remuneration to induce referrals for services covered by federal healthcare programs.
- HIPAA confidentiality
- Federal rule protecting protected health information; disclosure without authorization is limited to specified exceptions such as serious threat or mandated reporting.
- Health literacy
- The degree to which individuals obtain, process, and understand health information needed to make informed decisions; low literacy impairs adherence.
- Levels of evidence hierarchy
- Ranking from systematic reviews of randomized trials (Level I) through randomized trials, cohort studies, case series, to expert opinion (Level V).
- Number needed to treat
- The reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction; the number of patients who must be treated for one additional favorable outcome.
- MCID
- Minimal clinically important difference: the smallest change in an outcome that patients perceive as beneficial, distinct from statistical significance.
- GRADE certainty
- System for rating evidence certainty as high, moderate, low, or very low based on risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias.
- PDSA cycle
- Plan-Do-Study-Act iterative improvement method used in quality improvement to test small changes and monitor outcomes with run charts.