ABVP Veterinary Practice flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Avian nucleated erythrocytes

Bird red blood cells are nucleated, so anemia is assessed by packed cell volume and polychromasia rather than red cell count alone.

Crop stasis differential

Crop stasis in birds requires distinguishing ingluvitis, foreign body, and systemic disease using Gram stain, cytology, and radiographs before treatment.

Bovine respiratory disease threshold

In beef cattle, fever above 40 C with depression and dyspnea supports a diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease and warrants early antimicrobial therapy.

BVD persistent infection

Persistently infected calves shed bovine viral diarrhea virus lifelong; ear-notch antigen ELISA identifies them for removal from the herd.

Heartworm testing before prevention

Dogs over six months should be antigen and microfilaria tested before starting heartworm prevention to avoid reactions from existing infection.

Feline hyperthyroidism diagnosis

Elevated total T4 supports hyperthyroidism in cats; free T4 helps when total T4 is borderline or concurrent disease confounds results.

Milk fever treatment

Hypocalcemia causing recumbency near calving is treated with intravenous calcium borogluconate while monitoring cardiac rhythm.

Subclinical ketosis threshold

Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate above 1.2 mmol/L indicates subclinical ketosis in fresh dairy cows and warrants monitoring and intervention.

Equine colic assessment

Colic evaluation includes pain score, heart rate, mucous membrane color, and nasogastric reflux to guide decompression and referral decisions.

Equine metabolic syndrome testing

Insulin dysregulation in horses is assessed with resting insulin and glucose after fasting; results guide diet and exercise management.

Rabbit GI stasis

Reduced fecal output and hypomotility in rabbits require fluids, analgesia, and motility support; rabbits are obligate nasal breathers.

Guinea pig vitamin C

Guinea pigs cannot synthesize vitamin C and require dietary supplementation; deficiency causes scurvy and impaired wound healing.

Feline injection-site sarcoma

Any mass persisting beyond three months at an injection site in a cat warrants biopsy to evaluate for injection-site sarcoma.

IRIS chronic kidney disease staging

Feline chronic kidney disease is staged using creatinine and SDMA per IRIS guidelines, with proteinuria and blood pressure monitoring.

Nitrogen cycle in aquaria

Ammonia converts to nitrite then nitrate; nitrite toxicity causes methemoglobinemia and brown gills in fish.

Fish anesthesia with MS-222

Tricaine methanesulfonate buffered with sodium bicarbonate anesthetizes fish; monitor opercular rate and maintain dissolved oxygen.

Food animal withdrawal times

Drug withdrawal periods must be observed before slaughter or milk sale; treatment records support residue avoidance in food animals.

Targeted selective deworming

Treating only animals with high fecal egg counts or poor body condition reduces anthelmintic resistance in small ruminant flocks.

Reptile metabolic bone disease

Inadequate calcium, phosphorus balance, or UVB exposure causes metabolic bone disease; correct diet, calcium, and lighting.

Amphibian skin permeability

Amphibian skin absorbs water and chemicals readily; handle with moistened gloves and avoid soaps or disinfectants.

Shelter parvovirus disinfection

Canine parvovirus is resistant; shelters use bleach or accelerated hydrogen peroxide with strict isolation and cohorting to control outbreaks.

Shelter length of stay

Reducing length of stay through foster programs and intake diversion lowers infectious disease exposure and improves shelter outcomes.

PRRS control

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is managed with biosecurity, vaccination, and monitoring of sow herd status.

African swine fever reporting

African swine fever is a reportable foreign animal disease; suspect cases require immediate notification and strict movement controls.

Avian lead toxicosis

Whole-blood lead above 0.2 ppm in psittacines supports lead toxicosis, which causes neurologic and gastrointestinal signs.

Bovine lameness scoring

A five-point locomotion score identifies cattle with compromised gait; scores of three or higher indicate need for intervention.

Feline urethral obstruction

Male cats with lower urinary tract signs require immediate obstruction assessment; palpate bladder and check potassium before treatment.

Dairy somatic cell count

Somatic cell count and milk culture guide mastitis treatment; gram-negative cases often need supportive care rather than antibiotics.

Strangles carrier detection

Streptococcus equi causes strangles; guttural pouch endoscopy identifies carriers that sustain outbreaks in horse populations.

Ferret adrenal disease

Adrenal disease in ferrets causes alopecia and vulvar swelling; treat with deslorelin implant or adrenal surgery.

Feline panleukopenia

Feline panleukopenia causes severe leukopenia; isolate affected cats and provide fluids, antiemetics, and supportive care.

Ich treatment in fish

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis causes white spots; treatment includes temperature elevation and appropriate antiparasitic medication.

Swine circovirus vaccination

Porcine circovirus associated disease is controlled with vaccination, which reduces clinical signs and mortality in growing pigs.