ACVPM Veterinary Preventive Medicine flashcards
ACVPM Veterinary Preventive Medicine · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- HACCP
- A systematic preventive food safety system with seven principles: hazard analysis, critical control points, critical limits, monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and recordkeeping.
- Critical control point
- A step in a food production process where a control measure can prevent, eliminate, or reduce a significant hazard to an acceptable level.
- Pasteurization HTST
- High-temperature short-time pasteurization heats milk to 72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds to destroy pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria.
- Specified risk materials
- Tissues such as brain, spinal cord, and distal ileum from cattle that may carry BSE infectivity and are excluded from the food supply.
- Withdrawal time
- The interval after the last drug administration during which animal products must not enter the food supply to avoid violative residues.
- Prevalence
- The proportion of a population with a condition at a given time; calculated as existing cases divided by total population.
- Incidence
- The number of new cases of a disease in a population at risk during a specified time period, reflecting disease risk.
- Relative risk
- The ratio of disease incidence in exposed individuals to incidence in unexposed individuals, used in cohort studies and outbreak investigations.
- Odds ratio
- The ratio of odds of exposure in diseased versus nondiseased individuals; approximates relative risk when disease prevalence is low.
- Sensitivity
- The proportion of truly diseased animals that test positive, calculated as true positives divided by true positives plus false negatives.
- Specificity
- The proportion of truly nondiseased animals that test negative, calculated as true negatives divided by true negatives plus false positives.
- Positive predictive value
- The probability that an animal testing positive truly has the disease; depends on test sensitivity, specificity, and population prevalence.
- Herd-level sensitivity
- The probability that a herd with at least one infected animal tests positive; increases with the number of animals tested.
- Confounding
- A third variable associated with both exposure and outcome that distorts the observed association unless controlled by design or analysis.
- Rabies
- A zoonotic Lyssavirus transmitted mainly by saliva through bites; causes fatal encephalitis and is prevented by vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Brucella abortus
- A zoonotic bacterium causing late-gestation abortion in cattle; controlled by test-and-slaughter and vaccination with RB51 or S19.
- Mycobacterium bovis
- The cause of bovine tuberculosis, a zoonotic bacterium diagnosed by intradermal tuberculin testing and transmitted via unpasteurized milk.
- Foot-and-mouth disease
- A highly contagious Aphthovirus disease of cloven-hoofed animals causing vesicles; controlled by quarantine, culling, and vaccination.
- African swine fever
- A highly lethal viral disease of swine with no vaccine; controlled by culling, biosecurity, and movement restrictions.
- Anthrax
- A zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis spores; ruminants show sudden death, and carcasses should not be opened to prevent sporulation.
- Leptospirosis
- A zoonotic bacterial disease spread by urine of carrier animals, especially rodents; vaccines are serovar-specific and protect against disease.
- Lead toxicosis
- Poisoning causing anemia, neurologic signs, and basophilic stippling; treated with chelating agents such as calcium EDTA or dimercaprol.
- Organophosphate toxicity
- Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase causing salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation; treated with atropine and pralidoxime.
- Anticoagulant rodenticide
- A poison inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase and causing hemorrhage; treated with vitamin K1 and clotting time monitoring.
- Aflatoxin M1
- A metabolite formed from aflatoxin B1 in dairy cattle that can appear in milk; regulated by FDA action levels.
- Nitrate toxicity
- A condition in ruminants causing methemoglobinemia from high-nitrate forages or water; treated with methylene blue.
- Copper toxicosis
- Cumulative copper accumulation causing liver damage, especially in sheep; molybdenum and sulfate reduce copper absorption.
- Five Freedoms
- A welfare framework ensuring freedom from hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain and disease, fear and distress, and freedom to express normal behavior.
- Body condition score
- A validated numeric assessment of fat and muscle cover used to evaluate nutrition and welfare in livestock such as dairy cows and sheep.
- Ammonia threshold
- An air quality target in livestock housing; ammonia above 25 ppm impairs welfare and respiratory health in swine and poultry.
- Veterinary Feed Directive
- A US rule requiring a veterinarian-client-patient relationship for medicated feed containing medically important antimicrobials.
- OIE notifiable disease
- A disease of international concern that member countries must report to the World Organisation for Animal Health under the Terrestrial Animal Health Code.