ADF YOU Session flashcards
ADF YOU Session · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Synonym
- A word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. Synonym questions test meaning, so sound-alike or same-topic words can still be wrong.
- Antonym
- A word with the opposite meaning. Correct antonym pairs match in part of speech and usually in intensity, such as hot and cold rather than hot and warm.
- Universal affirmative statement
- A statement of the form 'All A are B', meaning every member of class A is also in class B. Its converse, 'All B are A', never follows from it.
- Universal negative statement
- A statement of the form 'No A are B', meaning the two classes share no members. It converts validly, so 'No B are A' is also true.
- Particular affirmative statement
- A statement of the form 'Some A are B', meaning at least one A is also B. It converts to 'Some B are A' but makes no claim about the remaining members.
- Prefix bene-
- A Latin prefix meaning good or well, as in benevolent, benefit and benefactor. It signals a positive or favourable meaning inside an unfamiliar word.
- Prefix mal-
- A Latin prefix meaning bad or badly, as in malfunction, malice and malnutrition. It signals a negative or faulty meaning when attached to a root.
- Inference
- A conclusion drawn from stated evidence even though it is not written out. In verbal tests it must follow necessarily from the passage, not from general knowledge.
- Percentage change
- Divide the size of the change by the original value, then multiply by 100. A fall from 80 to 60 is 20 ÷ 80 × 100, a 25 per cent decrease.
- Percentage multiplier
- To increase an amount by p per cent, multiply by (1 + p/100); to decrease it, multiply by (1 − p/100). This handles compound steps in one calculation.
- Average (mean)
- The sum of all values divided by how many values there are. Rearranged, total equals mean multiplied by count, which quickly recovers a missing total.
- Speed formula
- Speed equals distance divided by time, time equals distance divided by speed, and distance equals speed multiplied by time. Keep units consistent throughout.
- km/h to m/s
- Divide a speed in kilometres per hour by 3.6 to get metres per second, because one kilometre per hour equals 1000 metres per 3600 seconds.
- Ratio total parts
- In a ratio a : b the whole is split into a + b equal parts, so one part equals the total divided by (a + b), and each share is a multiple of it.
- Combined work rate
- Rates add, not times. If two workers take t₁ and t₂ hours working alone, together they take T hours where 1/T = 1/t₁ + 1/t₂.
- Number series differences
- Subtract consecutive terms. If first differences are not constant, test second differences, then constant ratios, then two interleaved sequences at odd and even positions.
- Rotation versus reflection
- Rotation turns a figure about a point and preserves handedness. Reflection flips it like a mirror and reverses handedness, so a letter b becomes d.
- Interleaved series
- When alternate frames change in different ways, treat odd-numbered and even-numbered positions as two separate sequences, each with its own consistent transformation rule.
- Line-count sequence
- The number of sides or lines often follows 3, 4, 5, 6 or another arithmetic pattern. Count sides, vertices and internal lines before assuming rotation.
- Superposition rule
- Two figures may be overlaid so common lines cancel and only unique lines remain (exclusive-OR), or so all lines combine. Test both against the options.
- Number of symmetry axes
- An equilateral triangle has 3 axes of symmetry, a square has 4, a regular pentagon has 5, a non-square rectangle has 2, and a circle has infinitely many.
- Element movement per step
- A small shape often shifts a fixed number of positions each frame, clockwise or anticlockwise along the outer edge, and may skip corners or change direction.
- Shading toggle rule
- Black and white regions frequently swap at each step. If one element changes shade while others do not, expect an alternating rather than progressive pattern.
- Matrix row and column rule
- In a three-by-three matrix the same transformation normally applies across every row and down every column, so a candidate rule must be verified in both directions.
- Order of operations
- BODMAS: brackets first, then orders such as powers and roots, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right.
- Dividing fractions
- To divide by a fraction, multiply by its reciprocal. So a/b divided by c/d equals a/b multiplied by d/c, with the second fraction turned upside down.
- Area of a triangle
- Area equals half the base multiplied by the perpendicular height, written A = ½bh. The height must meet the base at right angles, not along a sloping side.
- Circle formulas
- Circumference equals 2πr and area equals πr², where r is the radius. The diameter is twice the radius, and π is approximately 3.14.
- Pythagoras theorem
- In a right-angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c², with c opposite the right angle.
- Volume of a prism
- Volume equals the area of the uniform cross-section multiplied by the length. For a cylinder this becomes πr²h, since the cross-section is a circle.
- Percentage of a quantity
- Convert the percentage to a decimal by dividing by 100, then multiply by the quantity. For example, 15 per cent of 240 is 0.15 × 240 = 36.
- Metric conversions
- One kilometre is 1000 metres, one metre is 100 centimetres, one kilogram is 1000 grams, one litre is 1000 millilitres, and one hour is 3600 seconds.