DOH Abu Dhabi Nursing Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Nursing Process Steps

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation. A systematic, cyclical method for delivering and evaluating individualized nursing care.

Maslow Prioritization

Physiological needs first, then safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. Nurses prioritize life-threatening physiological problems before psychosocial ones.

Left-Sided Heart Failure Signs

Pulmonary congestion causing dyspnea, orthopnea, crackles, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Right-sided failure causes systemic edema and JVD.

DKA Diagnostic Criteria

Glucose >250 mg/dL, arterial pH <7.3, bicarbonate <18 mEq/L, ketonemia, and anion gap. Kussmaul respirations compensate for metabolic acidosis.

Hypoglycemia Rule of 15

If glucose <70 mg/dL, give 15 g fast carbohydrate, recheck in 15 minutes, repeat until glucose >70, then provide a meal or snack.

Fetal Heart Rate Baseline

Normal baseline is 110-160 beats per minute. Early decelerations reflect head compression, variable reflect cord compression, late reflect placental insufficiency.

Postpartum Hemorrhage Definition

Blood loss >500 mL after vaginal birth or >1000 mL after cesarean birth. Uterine atony is the most common cause; massage fundus and give oxytocin.

Magnesium Sulfate Toxicity Antidote

Calcium gluconate. Monitor deep tendon reflexes, respirations ≥12/min, and urine output ≥30 mL/h during magnesium infusion for preeclampsia.

APGAR Score Components

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. Scored 0-2 each at 1 and 5 minutes after birth; total 0-10.

Pediatric Dehydration Classification

Mild <5% weight loss, moderate 5-10%, severe >10%. Severe dehydration shows lethargy, sunken eyes, and delayed skin turgor; use ORS for mild-moderate.

Kawasaki Disease Criteria

Fever ≥5 days plus 4 of: conjunctivitis, rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, mucositis, extremity changes. Risk of coronary aneurysms; treat with IVIG and aspirin.

Pyloric Stenosis Signs

Projectile nonbilious vomiting at 3-6 weeks, olive-shaped epigastric mass, hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Treat with pyloromyotomy.

Intussusception Presentation

Colicky abdominal pain, currant-jelly stools, and sausage-shaped mass in children 6-36 months. Air enema is diagnostic and therapeutic.

Serotonin Syndrome Features

Clonus, hyperreflexia, hyperthermia, agitation, and diarrhea. Caused by serotonergic drug combinations such as SSRIs with MAOIs or tramadol.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Rigidity, fever, autonomic instability, and elevated creatine kinase after antipsychotic use. Stop the drug; give dantrolene or bromocriptine.

Lithium Therapeutic Range

0.6-1.2 mEq/L. Toxicity causes tremor, vomiting, ataxia, and seizures; monitor levels, renal function, and thyroid function.

Levels of Prevention

Primary prevents disease (immunization), secondary detects early (screening), tertiary limits disability (rehabilitation). Each targets a different stage of disease.

Incidence Versus Prevalence

Incidence is new cases divided by population at risk over time. Prevalence is all existing cases divided by total population at a point in time.

Herd Immunity Threshold

Proportion of population needing immunity to interrupt transmission, based on R0. Measles requires approximately 92-95% coverage.

ACLS Compression Parameters

Compress 100-120/min at 5-6 cm depth with full recoil, ratio 30:2, and interruptions under 10 seconds. Defibrillate VF/pVT immediately.

Sepsis Bundle First Hour

Measure lactate, obtain blood cultures, give broad-spectrum antibiotics, and 30 mL/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥4 mmol/L.

Anaphylaxis First-Line Treatment

Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3-0.5 mg (1:1000) into the anterolateral thigh, repeated every 5-15 minutes as needed. Adjuncts include antihistamines and steroids.

Increased ICP Management

Head of bed 30°, avoid hypoxia and hypercapnia, maintain cerebral perfusion pressure 60-70 mmHg (MAP minus ICP). Avoid neck vein compression.

Six Rights of Medication

Right patient, drug, dose, route, time, and documentation. Many facilities add right reason and right response to the original six.

Warfarin and Heparin Antidotes

Warfarin is reversed with vitamin K; heparin with protamine sulfate. Opioids are reversed with naloxone and benzodiazepines with flumazenil.

Digoxin Toxicity Signs

Nausea, anorexia, yellow-green visual halos, and bradycardia. Hypokalemia increases toxicity risk; therapeutic range is 0.5-2 ng/mL.

WHO Five Moments Hand Hygiene

Before patient contact, before aseptic task, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, after touching surroundings. The cornerstone of infection prevention.

Airborne Precautions Requirements

N95 respirator, negative-pressure room with door closed, and airborne isolation for tuberculosis, measles, and varicella. TB isolation continues until smear-negative.

C. difficile Hand Hygiene

Wash with soap and water because alcohol-based hand rub does not kill spores. Use contact precautions and bleach-based environmental cleaning.

Pressure Injury Staging

Stage 1 non-blanchable erythema; Stage 2 partial-thickness loss; Stage 3 full-thickness loss; Stage 4 exposed bone, tendon, or muscle; unstageable when obscured.

SBAR Handoff

Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation. A structured communication tool for safe patient handovers between caregivers.

DOH Nursing Scope of Practice

DOH defines RN, LPN, and assistant roles; RNs assess, plan, implement, evaluate, and delegate while retaining accountability. Practice outside scope violates regulations.