MOHAP Dentist Exam flashcards
MOHAP Dentist Exam · Build recall with a focused review session.
36 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Parotid gland innervation
- Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers arise from the glossopharyngeal nerve, synapse in the otic ganglion, and reach the parotid via the auriculotemporal nerve.
- Foramen ovale
- The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) exits the skull through this foramen, carrying sensory and motor fibers.
- Enamel composition
- Enamel is approximately 96% mineral by weight, mainly hydroxyapatite, with little organic matrix and no living cells after eruption.
- Local anesthetic mechanism
- Local anesthetics block voltage-gated sodium channels from the intracellular side; the charged form binds, and inflammation lowers pH and reduces efficacy.
- Gram stain principle
- Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet due to a thick peptidoglycan layer; gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer and an outer membrane.
- Dentinoenamel junction
- The scalloped interface between enamel and dentin that increases mechanical interlocking and affects crack propagation and bonding.
- Critical pH for enamel
- The pH at which saliva becomes undersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, approximately 5.5, below which enamel demineralization predominates.
- Junctional epithelium
- Nonkeratinized epithelium attached to the tooth via hemidesmosomes and an internal basal lamina, forming the epithelial seal around the tooth.
- Leukoplakia
- A predominantly white oral patch that cannot be clinically characterized as any other disease; biopsy is required to exclude dysplasia or malignancy.
- Ameloblastoma
- A benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor, most common in the posterior mandible, often showing a soap-bubble radiographic appearance.
- Pleomorphic adenoma
- The most common salivary gland tumor, usually in the parotid, with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal elements and a risk of recurrence if ruptured.
- Periapical cyst
- An inflammatory cyst arising from epithelial rests of Malassez, lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and associated with a nonvital tooth.
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Sharp, electric-shock facial pain in a V2 or V3 distribution triggered by touch; carbamazepine is the first-line treatment.
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- An autoimmune blistering disease with flaccid bullae, positive Nikolsky sign, and intercellular IgG on direct immunofluorescence.
- Denture stomatitis
- Chronic erythematous inflammation of the denture-bearing mucosa, commonly associated with Candida albicans and poor denture hygiene.
- Caries balance
- The dynamic balance between pathologic factors (bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates) and protective factors (saliva, fluoride, remineralization) that determines caries progression.
- Fluoride mechanism
- Fluoride promotes remineralization, forms fluorapatite, and inhibits bacterial enolase, reducing demineralization and caries progression.
- Glass ionomer cement
- A restorative material that bonds chemically to tooth structure and releases fluoride, useful in high-caries-risk and root caries situations.
- Enamel etching
- Application of 35-37% phosphoric acid for 15-30 seconds creates microporosity for micromechanical resin bonding.
- Polymerization shrinkage
- Contraction of composite resin during curing that can cause marginal leakage and postoperative sensitivity; incremental placement reduces stress.
- Working length
- The distance from a coronal reference point to the apical constriction, typically 0.5-1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex.
- Sodium hypochlorite irrigation
- An endodontic irrigant that dissolves organic tissue and is antimicrobial; concentration and extrusion control are important for safety.
- Clinical attachment level
- The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the periodontal sulcus or pocket, reflecting attachment loss.
- Periodontitis staging
- The 2018 classification stages periodontitis I-IV by severity and complexity and grades A-C by rate of progression.
- Ante's law
- The total periodontal ligament area of abutment teeth should equal or exceed that of the teeth being replaced by a fixed partial denture.
- Neutral zone
- The space between the lips, cheeks, and tongue where denture teeth are positioned to balance muscular forces and improve stability.
- Inferior alveolar nerve block
- An injection into the pterygomandibular space targeting the inferior alveolar nerve; the lingual nerve is anesthetized as it lies anteriorly.
- Ludwig's angina
- A rapidly spreading cellulitis of the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces that threatens the airway and requires urgent management.
- ANB angle
- A cephalometric angle formed by SNA and SNB that indicates the skeletal anteroposterior relationship between the maxilla and mandible.
- Pulpotomy indication
- Removal of coronal pulp in a primary tooth with vital radicular pulp and reversible inflammation, often followed by a stainless steel crown.
- Paralleling technique
- An intraoral radiographic technique in which the film or sensor is parallel to the tooth's long axis, minimizing distortion and magnification.
- ALARA principle
- The radiation protection principle of keeping exposures as low as reasonably achievable through collimation, shielding, and appropriate selection criteria.
- Autoclave sterilization
- Sterilization of instruments using saturated steam under pressure at 121°C for 15 minutes or 134°C for 3 minutes, monitored by biological indicators.
- Anaphylaxis treatment
- Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3-0.5 mg of 1:1000 solution in adults, along with oxygen, airway support, and emergency services activation.
- Informed consent
- A process of disclosing risks, benefits, and alternatives and obtaining the patient's voluntary agreement before treatment, documented in the record.
- Confidentiality obligation
- The legal and ethical duty to protect patient information, with disclosure permitted only with consent or when required by law.