MOHAP Nursing Exam flashcards

40 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Normal adult respiratory rate

12 to 20 breaths per minute at rest. Rates below 12 indicate bradypnea; above 20 indicate tachypnea. Always count for a full 60 seconds.

Pressure injury Stage 1

Intact skin with non-blanchable erythema over a bony prominence. Indicates tissue damage before ulceration; reposition and relieve pressure immediately.

BMI formula

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²). Underweight below 18.5; normal 18.5–24.9; overweight 25–29.9; obese 30 or higher.

Fowler position angle

Head of bed elevated 45 to 60 degrees. Semi-Fowler is 30 to 45 degrees; high-Fowler is 60 to 90 degrees. Used to ease breathing and improve lung expansion.

Hand hygiene with C. difficile

Wash hands with soap and water, not alcohol rub, because alcohol does not kill Clostridioides difficile spores. Use contact precautions and a private room.

Myocardial infarction MONA

Morphine, oxygen if saturation is below 90%, nitroglycerin, and aspirin. Troponin rises within 3–6 hours and peaks at 12–24 hours after injury.

Left-sided heart failure signs

Pulmonary congestion with dyspnea, crackles, orthopnea, and frothy sputum. Right-sided failure causes jugular venous distention, peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly.

COPD oxygen target

Target oxygen saturation of 88% to 92% in COPD to avoid worsening hypercarbia. Pursed-lip breathing and tripod position help reduce dyspnea.

Hypoglycemia treatment rule

Blood glucose below 70 mg/dL. Give 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, recheck in 15 minutes, and repeat until glucose is above 70 mg/dL.

Compartment syndrome five Ps

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, and pulselessness. Pulselessness is a late sign; report immediately because fasciotomy may be required to save the limb.

Naegele's rule

Estimate delivery date by taking the first day of the last menstrual period, adding 7 days, subtracting 3 months, and adding 1 year.

Fetal heart rate normal range

110 to 160 beats per minute. Late decelerations suggest uteroplacental insufficiency; variable decelerations suggest umbilical cord compression.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Blood loss greater than 500 mL after vaginal birth or greater than 1000 mL after cesarean birth. Uterine atony is the most common cause; massage the fundus.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity antidote

Calcium gluconate 10%. Monitor deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate, and urine output; loss of reflexes and respiratory depression signal toxicity.

APGAR scoring components

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration, each scored 0 to 2. Performed at 1 and 5 minutes; 7–10 is normal, 0–3 is severely depressed.

Pediatric maintenance fluid rule

Holliday-Segar method: 100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg, plus 50 mL/kg/day for the next 10 kg, plus 20 mL/kg/day for each kilogram above 20 kg.

Kawasaki disease treatment

Fever for at least 5 days with conjunctivitis, rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, and strawberry tongue. Give IVIG and aspirin to prevent coronary aneurysms.

Epiglottitis nursing priority

Do not inspect the throat because it may trigger airway obstruction. Keep the child calm in a tripod position and prepare for emergency airway management.

Intussusception classic signs

Colicky abdominal pain, currant-jelly stools, and a sausage-shaped abdominal mass. Treat with air or barium enema to reduce the telescoped bowel.

Serotonin syndrome triad

Mental status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity such as clonus and hyperreflexia. Caused by serotonergic drugs; stop the offending agent.

Lithium therapeutic range

0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L. Toxicity above 1.5 mEq/L causes tremor, vomiting, ataxia, and seizures. Maintain normal sodium and fluid intake.

Alcohol withdrawal timeline

Seizures occur 6 to 48 hours after the last drink; delirium tremens occurs 48 to 96 hours after. Monitor CIWA score and treat with benzodiazepines.

Therapeutic communication techniques

Open-ended questions, reflection, restating, clarification, and silence. Avoid advice, false reassurance, and asking why questions.

Levels of prevention

Primary prevents disease before it occurs (immunization). Secondary detects disease early (screening). Tertiary limits disability through rehabilitation and treatment.

Incidence versus prevalence

Incidence is new cases divided by the population at risk over time. Prevalence is all existing cases divided by the total population at a point in time.

Herd immunity threshold

The proportion of immune individuals needed to interrupt transmission. For measles with R0 of 12–18, approximately 92% to 95% coverage is required.

Glasgow Coma Scale scoring

Eye 1–4, verbal 1–5, motor 1–6; total 3–15. A score of 8 or less indicates coma and suggests the need for airway protection and intubation.

Anaphylaxis first-line treatment

Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3–0.5 mg of 1:1000 solution in the anterolateral thigh. Repeat every 5–15 minutes as needed, then give oxygen and IV fluids.

Adult CPR compression parameters

Compress at 100–120 per minute to a depth of 5–6 cm with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio. Minimize interruptions to less than 10 seconds.

Sepsis one-hour bundle

Measure lactate, obtain blood cultures before antibiotics, give broad-spectrum antibiotics within 1 hour, and give 30 mL/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥4 mmol/L.

Warfarin and heparin antidotes

Warfarin is reversed with vitamin K; heparin is reversed with protamine sulfate. Opioids are reversed with naloxone; benzodiazepines with flumazenil.

Digoxin toxicity signs

Nausea, vomiting, visual changes such as yellow-green halos, and bradycardia. Hold the dose if the adult apical pulse is below 60 beats per minute.

Insulin onset times

Rapid-acting (lispro, aspart) 15 minutes; short-acting (regular) 30 minutes; intermediate (NPH) 1–2 hours; long-acting (glargine) 1–2 hours with no peak.

Vancomycin infusion precaution

Infuse over at least 60 minutes to prevent red man syndrome, which causes flushing, rash, and hypotension. Monitor trough levels, usually 10–20 mcg/mL.

Airborne precautions requirements

Negative-pressure room with at least 12 air exchanges per hour and an N95 respirator for staff. Used for tuberculosis, measles, and varicella.

Needlestick injury immediate action

Wash the site with soap and water, report immediately, and test source and exposed person for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. HIV prophylaxis within 2 hours if indicated.

Surgical asepsis rule

Sterile items touching non-sterile surfaces are contaminated. Keep the sterile field above waist level and never turn away from it.

Informed consent elements

Capacity, disclosure, understanding, and voluntariness. Minors and incapacitated adults require consent from a legal guardian.

UAE Medical Liability Law

Federal Law No. 4 of 2016 requires care according to approved standards. Negligence can lead to compensation and disciplinary action against the professional.

Mandatory reporting examples

Suspected child abuse, domestic violence, communicable diseases, and unsafe practice must be reported to the appropriate authority, even without patient consent.