AEPA ESL (NES ESOL 507) flashcards
AEPA ESL (NES ESOL 507) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Phoneme
- The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning in a language; English has about 44 phonemes represented by letters or letter combinations.
- Morpheme
- The smallest meaningful unit of language; free morphemes can stand alone, while bound morphemes attach to other morphemes, such as prefixes and suffixes.
- Krashen input hypothesis
- Second language acquisition occurs when learners receive comprehensible input slightly beyond their current level, described as i + 1.
- Affective filter
- Emotional factors such as anxiety, motivation, and self-confidence can block or allow comprehensible input to be processed for language acquisition.
- BICS
- Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills are conversational language skills used in social settings; they typically develop within one to three years.
- CALP
- Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency is school-related academic language; it usually takes five to seven years to develop in a second language.
- Language transfer
- The influence of a learner's first language on second language learning; it can be positive when structures align or negative when they differ.
- Fossilization
- A second language learner's persistent errors or nonnative features that remain stable over time despite continued exposure and instruction.
- Critical period hypothesis
- The proposal that language acquisition is easiest during childhood and becomes substantially harder after puberty because of neurological maturation.
- Pragmatics
- The study of language use in context, including speech acts, politeness, register, and implied meaning beyond the literal words.
- Cognate
- A word in two languages that shares origin and meaning, often similar in form; cognates can support vocabulary learning, but false cognates mislead.
- SIOP model
- Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol, an instructional framework with eight components for making content comprehensible while promoting English language and academic development.
- Comprehensible input
- Language input made understandable through visuals, gestures, modeling, repetition, and context so that learners can process meaning rather than only form.
- Formative assessment
- Ongoing assessment during instruction used to adjust teaching and provide feedback; it is not typically graded as a final measure of learning.
- Summative assessment
- Assessment at the end of a unit or course that measures learning against standards and often contributes to a student's grade.
- WIDA ACCESS
- An English language proficiency assessment aligned to WIDA standards; it measures listening, speaking, reading, and writing across proficiency levels.
- Criterion-referenced test
- A test that measures performance against specific standards or criteria rather than against the performance of other test takers.
- Norm-referenced test
- A test that compares a student's performance to a norm group, often reporting results as percentile ranks or standard scores.
- Scaffolding
- Temporary support such as models, sentence frames, graphic organizers, or guided practice that is gradually removed as learners gain independence.
- Total Physical Response
- A language teaching method that pairs spoken commands with physical actions to build listening comprehension and reduce learner anxiety.
- Five pillars of reading
- Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension, the five core components of effective reading instruction for all learners.
- Construct validity
- The extent to which an assessment measures the intended knowledge or skill rather than unrelated factors such as language proficiency or cultural background.
- Culturally responsive teaching
- Instruction that uses students' cultural knowledge, experiences, and frames of reference to make learning more relevant and effective.
- Funds of knowledge
- The knowledge and skills families and communities develop through daily life and work, which teachers can use as instructional resources.
- Acculturation
- The process of cultural change and adaptation that occurs when individuals or groups come into sustained contact with another culture.
- Assimilation
- An acculturation strategy in which an individual adopts the dominant culture and minimizes maintenance of the original culture.
- Equity vs equality
- Equality gives everyone the same resources; equity provides resources and support according to differing needs so that outcomes can be fair.
- Castañeda v. Pickard
- A 1981 court decision establishing a three-part test for evaluating whether language programs for English learners are pedagogically sound, implemented, and effective.
- Lau v. Nichols
- A 1974 Supreme Court decision holding that identical instruction without language support can deny English learners equal educational opportunity.
- Plyler v. Doe
- A 1982 Supreme Court decision allowing undocumented immigrant children to attend public schools and prohibiting schools from denying enrollment based on immigration status.
- Deficit perspective
- The view that differences in students' language or culture are deficiencies; it contrasts with asset-based approaches that treat diversity as a resource.
- Structured English immersion
- An Arizona model that places English learners in English-only classrooms with sheltered content instruction and intensive English language development.