Agniveer Army key terms

Short for Lowest Common Multiple: the smallest positive number that is an exact multiple of each of two or more given numbers. For example, the LCM of 4 and 6 is 12.

Short for Highest Common Factor: the largest positive number that divides each of two or more given numbers exactly, leaving no remainder. It is used to simplify fractions and split quantities into equal groups.

A way of expressing a quantity as a part of one hundred. It tells how many units out of every hundred are being considered, so 25 per cent means 25 out of 100.

Interest calculated only on the original sum lent or borrowed, using the rule principal times rate times time divided by one hundred. Interest already earned is never added to the principal.

Interest calculated on the original sum plus any interest already added, so the total grows faster than under simple interest. It is charged or paid at fixed intervals such as yearly or half-yearly.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in that set. It gives one figure that represents the middle of the data, also called the arithmetic mean.

In a right-angled triangle, the square of the longest side called the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides. It is written as a squared plus b squared equals c squared.

A whole number greater than one whose only exact divisors are one and itself, such as 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. The number one is not counted as a prime number.

A rule fixing the order in which operations in a sum are carried out: Brackets first, then Orders such as powers and roots, then Division and Multiplication, and finally Addition and Subtraction.

A push or a pull that can change an object's speed, its direction of motion or its shape. Force is measured in newtons and has both size and direction.

Three rules describing how force affects motion: an object stays at rest or in steady motion unless a force acts; force equals mass times acceleration; and every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

The rate at which an object's velocity changes with time. It is measured in metres per second squared and happens whenever speed increases, decreases or the direction of motion changes.

In physics, work is done when a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of that force. It is measured in joules, the same unit used for energy.

The rule that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, provided the temperature stays constant. It is written as voltage equals current times resistance.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen. Chlorophyll in the leaves absorbs the light energy needed for the reaction.

A scale running from 0 to 14 that shows how acidic or basic a solution is. Values below 7 are acidic, exactly 7 is neutral and values above 7 are basic.

The attractive force by which every object having mass pulls other objects towards it. On Earth it gives falling objects a downward acceleration of about 9.8 metres per second squared.

The standard internationally agreed units used in science to measure physical quantities, such as metre for length, kilogram for mass and second for time. They allow results to be compared worldwide.

The supreme law of the country, setting out the structure of government, the powers of its organs and the rights and duties of citizens. It came into force on 26 January 1950.

Basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering equality, freedom of speech and expression, and protection of life and personal liberty. Courts can enforce them.

The national legislature consisting of the President, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). It frames laws and controls the finances of the Union.

The constitutional head of the Indian state and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. Chosen indirectly for a five-year term, the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

Short for Gross Domestic Product: the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a given period, usually one year. It is a common measure of an economy's size.

The interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. Changes in it influence borrowing costs, credit and inflation in the economy.

The Indian Space Research Organisation, the country's national space agency, which designs and launches satellites and launch vehicles. It is known for missions such as Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan.

India's highest wartime gallantry award, given for conspicuous bravery or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. It may be awarded after a person's death.

An international organisation founded in 1945 to maintain peace and security and to promote cooperation among nations. India is one of its founding members.

Recent events and developments in India and abroad, such as new appointments, government schemes, sports results, defence exercises and international summits, that are widely reported in the news.

A reasoning question that asks you to spot the same relationship between a second pair of items as exists in a given pair, for example doctor is to hospital as teacher is to school.

A question type in which several items are given and you must pick the one that does not belong to the same group or category as the rest.

A list of numbers arranged according to a hidden rule, where you must identify the pattern and then find the next term or the missing term.

A reasoning topic in which letters, words or numbers are replaced using a fixed rule, and you must break the code or apply the same rule to a new word or figure.

Problems that describe family links in words or symbols and then ask how two of the people mentioned are related to each other, such as uncle, sister or grandfather.

Questions about a person moving along different directions, where you trace the whole path and work out the final facing direction or the shortest distance from the starting point.

A logic problem giving two or more statements that are to be accepted as true, from which you decide which of the listed conclusions must necessarily follow.

A puzzle in which people or objects must be placed in a row, circle or line using clues about who sits beside, opposite or to the left or right of whom.

A non-verbal question that shows a figure, word or number and asks what it would look like when reflected in a mirror placed to one side of it.

Problems in which positions in a row or list are given, and you must find a person's rank from either end, the total number of people, or the place of a particular person.