Agniveer Navy key terms

The distance travelled by an object in a given unit of time, usually measured in metres per second or kilometres per hour.

The total length of the path covered by a moving object, measured in units such as metres or kilometres without regard to direction.

The rate at which an object changes position in a stated direction; it is speed combined with direction and is a vector quantity.

The rate at which velocity changes with time, including any increase or decrease in speed or any change in direction.

A push or pull acting on a body that can change its state of rest or motion, measured in newtons.

The SI unit of force, defined as the force that gives a one-kilogram mass an acceleration of one metre per second squared.

The amount of matter contained in a body, measured in kilograms; it stays the same wherever the body is in the universe.

The gravitational force with which a planet pulls a body, equal to mass multiplied by gravitational acceleration and measured in newtons.

The attractive force between any two bodies that have mass; on Earth it gives falling objects an acceleration of about 9.8 metres per second squared.

The energy transferred when a force moves an object along the direction of the force, calculated as force multiplied by displacement.

The capacity of a body or system to do work, existing in forms such as kinetic, potential, chemical, and electrical energy and measured in joules.

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, calculated as work divided by time and measured in watts.

The mass of a substance per unit volume, usually expressed in kilograms per cubic metre or grams per cubic centimetre.

The upward force that a fluid exerts on a body placed in it, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that body.

The force acting normally on a unit area of a surface, measured in pascals, where one pascal equals one newton per square metre.

The bouncing back of light when it strikes a surface such as a mirror, following the rule that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

The bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium into another of different optical density, caused by a change in its speed.

A curved piece of transparent material such as glass that converges or diverges light rays to form an image; used in spectacles and cameras.

The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amperes, where one ampere equals one coulomb per second.

The electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit that drives current through it, measured in volts.

The opposition offered by a conductor to the flow of electric current through it, measured in ohms.

The smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

The smallest particle of a substance that retains its chemical properties, formed when two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

A substance formed when two or more different elements combine chemically in fixed proportions, such as water or common salt.

A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water, turns blue litmus red, and reacts with bases to form salt and water.

A substance that releases hydroxide ions in water, turns red litmus blue, and neutralises an acid to form salt and water.

A scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or basic a solution is, with 7 indicating a neutral solution.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen, with chlorophyll as the key pigment.

The process by which living cells break down food, usually glucose, to release energy, using oxygen in aerobic respiration and producing carbon dioxide.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred, so that 25 per cent means 25 parts out of every 100 parts.

A comparison of two or more quantities of the same kind, showing how many times one value contains or is contained within another.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set, also called the arithmetic mean.

Interest calculated only on the original principal amount for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by one hundred.

The highest common factor, which is the largest number that divides two or more given numbers exactly without leaving a remainder.

The lowest common multiple, which is the smallest number that is a multiple of each of two or more given numbers.

A number that divides another number exactly, leaving no remainder, such as 3 and 4 being factors of 12.

A reasoning question that asks you to identify the relationship between one pair of items and apply the same relationship to another pair.

A sequence of numbers, letters, or figures arranged according to a rule, in which you must find the next or the missing item.

A reasoning topic in which words or letters are replaced by symbols or shifted letters according to a rule that you must detect and apply.

A reasoning task in which you pick out the item that does not belong to the group because it lacks the shared property of the others.

The fundamental set of rules and principles by which a country is governed; the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.

Basic rights guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, including equality, freedom, and protection against exploitation.

The supreme law-making body of India, consisting of the President, the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha.

A seasonal wind system that reverses direction with the seasons and brings most of India's annual rainfall between June and September.

The line of latitude about 23.5 degrees north of the equator that passes through the middle of India and marks the northern limit of the tropics.

The highest civilian award of India, given for exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour.