Haircutting and Hair Shaping
Core concepts
Master the foundational cuts and the geometry behind them: blunt, graduated, layered, and combination cuts; the four basic shapes (solid, graduated, layered, and their combinations). Understand elevation (0–90 degrees and beyond), distribution (natural fall, shifted, perpendicular), and projection. Know the guide types-stationary, traveling, and combination-and when each applies. Know tension, sectioning, and the difference between a cutting line and a guideline.
Traps to watch
Questions test the relationship between elevation and length: at 0 degrees you build weight and length; at 90 degrees you create uniform layers; beyond 90 degrees you remove weight and increase graduation. Do not confuse a traveling guide (moves with each section, follows the head shape) with a stationary guide (fixed reference). Remember that overdirection shifts weight and can create unwanted length loss.
Worked rule of thumb
For a classic men's tapered cut: establish a stationary guide at the perimeter, work up with consistent elevation, then blend the taper zone by checking cross-sections. Always cut less than you think-hair does not grow back during the service.
Safety and consultation
Consult on hairline, growth patterns, cowlicks, and density before cutting. Keep shears sharp, hold them correctly, and never cut toward your own hand. Sanitize between clients and sweep clippings.