Facial Treatments and Procedures
Structure of a facial
A professional facial follows a logical sequence: consultation and skin analysis, cleansing, exfoliation, extractions if appropriate, massage, mask, and finishing products with sun protection. Each step has a purpose; questions often ask for the correct order or the step that precedes another.
Cleansing and exfoliation
Use a cleanser matched to skin type. Exfoliation is mechanical (scrubs, brushes) or chemical (AHAs such as glycolic and lactic acid; BHAs such as salicylic acid). AHAs are water-soluble and work at the surface; BHAs are oil-soluble and penetrate pores. Over-exfoliation causes barrier damage, redness, and sensitivity.
Extractions and massage
Extractions follow softening of the skin (warm compress or steam) and are performed only on non-inflamed comedones, with tissue gloves or wrapped fingers and gentle pressure. Massage improves circulation and relaxation; it is contraindicated over active inflammation, broken skin, or recent injectables. Movements generally follow lymphatic drainage toward lymph nodes.
Masks
Clay masks absorb oil (oily skin); hydrating and gel masks suit dry or sensitive skin; calming masks follow extractions. Mask choice should match analysis, not preference.
Traps
- Performing extractions before softening the skin.
- Using hot steam on sensitive or rosacea-prone skin.
- Skipping sun protection at the end.
- Applying a stimulating massage to a client with active breakouts.
Rule of thumb
"Cleanse, exfoliate, soften, extract, soothe, protect." If a step would increase inflammation, stop and reassess.