AK Pesticide Applicator flashcards
AK Pesticide Applicator · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- FIFRA
- Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; the federal law governing pesticide registration, labeling, distribution, and use, administered by EPA with state enforcement.
- Misbranded pesticide
- A pesticide whose label or labeling lacks required information or is false or misleading; selling or using a misbranded pesticide violates FIFRA.
- Restricted-use pesticide
- A pesticide that may be applied only by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator because of its toxicity or environmental hazard.
- Section 2(ee) recommendation
- A FIFRA provision allowing use of a registered product against a pest not on the label or at a lower rate, if the site is on the label and the label does not prohibit it.
- Signal word
- A word on the label indicating acute toxicity: DANGER for Category I, WARNING for Category II, and CAUTION for Categories III and IV.
- Restricted-entry interval
- The minimum time after a pesticide application before workers may enter the treated area without protective equipment, as stated on the label.
- SDS Section 8
- The Safety Data Sheet section listing exposure controls and personal protective equipment, including occupational exposure limits and engineering controls.
- Label versus SDS
- The label is the legally enforceable use document; the SDS is a hazard communication document, and the label controls where use directions differ.
- LD50
- The dose of a substance that kills 50 percent of test animals; a lower LD50 indicates greater acute toxicity.
- Cholinesterase inhibition
- A toxic mechanism of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides that causes salivation, sweating, miosis, vomiting, and muscle twitching in exposed people.
- Dermal absorption
- Movement of a pesticide through the skin into the body; it is often the largest exposure route for handlers and varies with formulation and skin condition.
- Chronic toxicity
- Health effects from repeated or long-term exposure, such as cancer, reproductive harm, and neurotoxicity, rather than from a single high dose.
- Chemical-resistant gloves
- Gloves made of label-approved materials such as nitrile, butyl, or neoprene; leather and cotton gloves are not chemical-resistant for pesticide handling.
- Respirator fit testing
- A required procedure to verify that a respirator seals properly on the wearer; it is part of a written respiratory protection program.
- Decontamination site
- A WPS-required location with water, soap, and towels, within 1/4 mile of handlers, for washing off pesticide exposure.
- Heat stress
- A hazard of wearing PPE in hot conditions, with signs including dizziness, headache, nausea, and confusion; managed by work/rest schedules and hydration.
- Tank mixing order
- The sequence for adding products to a spray tank, typically water first, then wettable powders, flowables, emulsifiable concentrates, and surfactants last.
- Triple rinsing
- Filling an empty container one-third full with water, shaking, and draining three times, adding rinse water to the spray tank, then puncturing the container.
- Back-siphoning
- Reverse flow of pesticide mixture into a water supply; prevented by an air gap or check valve and by not submerging the fill hose.
- Closed-transfer system
- Equipment that moves pesticide concentrate from container to tank without open pouring, reducing handler exposure during mixing and loading.
- GPA calibration formula
- Gallons per acre equals (gallons per minute times 594) divided by (miles per hour times swath width in inches) for a broadcast sprayer.
- Pressure and nozzle flow
- Nozzle flow is proportional to the square root of pressure, so doubling pressure increases flow by about 41 percent.
- Droplet size and drift
- Fine droplets increase drift risk and coverage, while coarse droplets reduce drift but may reduce coverage; nozzle selection balances both.
- Speed and application rate
- For a fixed nozzle flow, increasing travel speed decreases gallons per acre, so the sprayer must be recalibrated when speed changes.
- Economic threshold
- The pest density at which control measures are justified to prevent economic loss; it is used in IPM to time pesticide applications.
- Resistance management
- Rotating pesticide mode-of-action groups, using labeled rates, and avoiding repeated use of one product to slow the selection of resistant pests.
- Biological control
- Use of natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens to suppress pests, conserved by avoiding broad-spectrum insecticides.
- Leaching
- Downward movement of a pesticide through soil into groundwater; increased by high water solubility, low adsorption, and high persistence.
- Bioaccumulation
- Build-up of a persistent, fat-soluble pesticide in an organism over time, which can increase concentrations up the food chain through biomagnification.
- Pesticide half-life
- The time required for half of a pesticide to degrade in soil, water, or on plants; longer half-lives increase off-site movement and carryover risk.
- Pesticide storage rules
- Store in a locked, ventilated, dry area away from food, feed, and water; keep containers closed and labeled, and store liquids below dry products.
- Spill containment
- Containing a liquid pesticide spill with absorbent material or soil berms from the outside inward, without hosing it into drains or waterways.