First Aid and CPR
Core concepts
Know the chain of survival: early recognition, early CPR, early defibrillation, advanced care, and post-arrest care. Understand CPR basics: compressions at the correct rate and depth, full recoil, minimal interruptions, and the compression-to-breath ratio for adults. Know AED use: power on, attach pads, clear the patient, and follow prompts. Understand bleeding control (direct pressure, tourniquet), airway management, and the recovery position. Know the signs of shock, stroke, and cardiac arrest, and the importance of scene safety and personal protective equipment.
Traps
Questions often test the compression rate and depth-too slow or too shallow is a common error. Another trap is delaying compressions to check for a pulse too long. Watch for questions about tourniquet use-apply high and tight and note the time. Also be alert to the need for PPE and scene safety before care.
Rule of thumb
Follow the "check, call, care" sequence: check responsiveness and breathing, call for help and an AED, then begin care. Compress hard and fast, and minimize interruptions.
Worked example
An officer finds an unresponsive adult not breathing normally. The officer confirms scene safety, calls for an AED, and begins chest compressions at the correct rate and depth, allowing full recoil. When the AED arrives, the officer powers it on, attaches pads, clears the patient, and follows the prompts.