Provimi i Shtetit - Fizioterapeut flashcards
Provimi i Shtetit - Fizioterapeut · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Brachial plexus roots
- Ventral rami C5 through T1 form the brachial plexus, which supplies motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb.
- Rotator cuff muscles
- Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis stabilize the glenohumeral joint and control shoulder motion.
- ACL function
- The anterior cruciate ligament resists anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur and limits rotational stress.
- Length-tension relationship
- Active muscle tension is maximal near resting sarcomere length and declines when the muscle is overly shortened or lengthened.
- Roll-glide rule
- For a convex moving surface, the roll and glide occur in opposite directions; for a concave surface, they occur in the same direction.
- Gait stance percentage
- In a normal gait cycle, the stance phase occupies approximately 60 percent and the swing phase approximately 40 percent.
- Low back pain red flags
- Night pain, weight loss, fever, neurological deficit, cancer history, trauma, and age over 50 with new onset warrant urgent medical review.
- Osteoarthritis features
- Osteoarthritis shows cartilage loss, joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, and osteophytes, typically in weight-bearing joints.
- Osteoporosis definition
- Osteoporosis is defined by a DXA T-score of minus 2.5 or lower and increases the risk of fragility fractures.
- SOAP documentation
- SOAP stands for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan, a structured format for clinical record keeping.
- Oxford muscle grade 3
- Grade 3 on the 0 to 5 manual muscle testing scale indicates the muscle can move the joint through range against gravity.
- Lachman test
- The Lachman test assesses the anterior cruciate ligament by applying anterior tibial translation with the knee slightly flexed.
- Progressive overload principle
- Tissue adaptation occurs when training load exceeds habitual levels and is progressed gradually using frequency, intensity, time, and type.
- Eccentric exercise tendinopathy
- Eccentric loading protocols, such as the Alfredson program for the Achilles, are effective for chronic tendinopathy rehabilitation.
- Maitland mobilization grades
- Grades I and II target pain, grades III and IV target stiffness, and grade V is a high-velocity manipulative thrust.
- TENS high frequency
- High-frequency TENS at 80 to 120 Hz is used for pain modulation via the gate control mechanism.
- Ultrasound frequency depth
- One megahertz ultrasound penetrates deeper tissue, while three megahertz ultrasound is absorbed more superficially.
- Electrotherapy contraindications
- Electrical modalities are contraindicated over pacemakers, the heart, the pregnant uterus, the carotid sinus, and malignant tissue.
- Frozen shoulder phases
- Adhesive capsulitis progresses through freezing, frozen, and thawing phases, with aggressive stretching avoided in the early painful phase.
- Fracture healing phases
- Bone healing proceeds through inflammation, soft callus formation, hard callus repair, and remodeling over weeks to months.
- Upper motor neuron signs
- Upper motor neuron lesions produce hyperreflexia, spasticity, positive Babinski sign, and impaired fine motor control.
- Modified Ashworth Scale
- The Modified Ashworth Scale grades resistance to passive movement from 0 (no increase in tone) to 4 (rigid).
- Neuroplasticity principles
- Rehabilitation should apply specificity, repetition, salience, intensity, and task-specific practice to drive neural reorganization.
- Pursed-lip breathing
- Pursed-lip breathing prolongs expiration and reduces air trapping, commonly taught to patients with obstructive lung disease.
- Obstructive spirometry pattern
- An FEV1 to FVC ratio below 0.70 after bronchodilator indicates an obstructive ventilatory pattern.
- Borg RPE target
- A Borg rating of perceived exertion of 11 to 13 corresponds to moderate exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation.
- Informed consent elements
- Valid informed consent requires patient capacity, adequate disclosure, comprehension, and voluntary agreement, documented in the record.
- Ethical principles
- Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity guide ethical decision making in physiotherapy practice.
- WHO 5 moments
- Hand hygiene should occur before and after patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure, and after touching surroundings.
- PPE removal order
- Personal protective equipment is removed in reverse order: gloves, goggles, gown, then mask, with hand hygiene after.
- Evidence hierarchy
- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses rank above randomized trials, cohort studies, case reports, and expert opinion in evidence hierarchies.
- Evidence-based practice triad
- Evidence-based practice integrates the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences.