Neurological Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Core concepts
Neurological rehabilitation rests on neuroplasticity, task-specific training, and the International Classification of Functioning. Understand the difference between upper motor neuron (spasticity, hyperreflexia, weakness) and lower motor neuron (flaccidity, atrophy, fasciculation) signs. Know the presentation of stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and peripheral nerve lesions.
For stroke, know the Brunnstrom stages, the role of the Bobath concept as one approach among several, and the importance of intensive, repetitive, task-specific practice. For spinal cord injury, know the ASIA classification and the level-dependent functional expectations. For Parkinson's, understand cueing, amplitude-based training, and fall prevention. For MS, respect fatigue and heat sensitivity.
Traps
Questions often test whether you can distinguish a UMN from an LMN lesion, or whether you know that spasticity management includes positioning and stretch before botulinum toxin. Another trap is over-resting a neurological patient; early mobilisation and intensity are favoured where safe.
Rule of thumb
For any neurological presentation, ask: what is the lesion level, what function is impaired, and what task-specific practice can drive recovery? Pair impairment-focused work with functional, meaningful tasks. Always screen for falls and safety in transfers.