ALOA ICPL cheat sheet

Pin tumbler lock: key bitting raises bottom pins to shear line; driver pins above shear line allow plug rotation.

Standard pin chamber depths typically follow a 0.005-inch increment system; bottom pin lengths correspond to cut depths.

Cylinder types: mortise, rim, key-in-knob (KIK), and key-in-lever (KIL) differ in mounting and tailpiece design.

Backset is the distance from the door edge to the center of the cylinder or lock face; common residential backsets are 2-3/8 in and 2-3/4 in.

Handing: a lock is handed (left/right) when its latch or bolt orientation must match door swing; many cylindrical locks are field-reversible.

Grade ratings (ANSI/BHMA) indicate durability and security: Grade 1 highest, Grade 3 lowest for residential/commercial hardware.

Strike plate alignment affects latch engagement; a misaligned strike can cause false latching or security failure.

Deadbolt throw is typically 1 inch for residential and 1 inch or more for commercial; bolt must fully seat in strike.

Pin tumbler servicing: remove cylinder, extract plug, and use pinning kit to match key bitting; verify shear line alignment.

Master keying systems require calculating pin stacks so that each change key and master key align at shear line.

Electronic locks often use solenoid or motor-driven clutches; battery life is affected by cycle count and motor load.

Access control audit trails log user, time, and method; retain logs per policy and applicable privacy laws.

When servicing electronic locks, follow manufacturer reset procedures; default master codes must be changed at installation.

Mechanical lock lubrication: use dry film or graphite for pin tumblers; oil can attract dirt and cause binding.

Diagnose binding by testing key rotation with plug removed; check for bent pins, worn springs, or debris in chambers.

For safe combination locks, changing the combination requires following wheel pack manipulation sequence; never force dial.

Key bitting is expressed as a sequence of cut depths; each depth corresponds to a bottom pin length in the cylinder.

Master keying: a master key has cuts that are the highest (or lowest, depending on system) of the change keys it operates.

Key control: restrict duplication via patented keyways, signature cards, and audited key machines.

Total position count for a key system equals the product of available depths per chamber; avoid prohibited combinations (e.g., all shallow or all deep).

Cross-keying occurs when one key operates multiple unrelated cylinders; avoid unless intentional for access.

Key blank identification: use ANSI or manufacturer codes; incorrect blank can damage cylinder or fail to operate.

Master key charts must be kept secure; compromise requires rekeying affected cylinders and reissuing keys.

Grand master key operates all cylinders in a system; change keys operate individual cylinders only.

Transponder keys contain a chip; programming requires a diagnostic tool or onboard procedure matched to vehicle make/model/year.

Remote keyless entry (RKE) fobs use radio frequency (typically 315 MHz or 433 MHz); pairing often requires ignition cycle sequence.

Vehicle lockout entry uses non-destructive tools (slim jim, wedge, long reach) only after verifying ownership and liability coverage.

Ignition lock cylinders may require removal of steering column shrouds; some have break-away bolts that must be replaced.

Key cutting for automotive: high-security keys may be laser-cut or sidewinder; duplicating requires specific machine and blank.

Immobilizer systems may require PIN code or security access; obtain from dealer or authorized database with proof of ownership.

Automotive lock servicing must avoid damaging airbag wiring and sensors; disconnect battery when instructed by service manual.

Valet keys typically operate doors and ignition but not trunk or glove box; master key operates all.

Safe ratings: TL-15, TL-30, TRTL-30, etc., denote tool resistance and torch resistance times under laboratory attack.

Combination lock dialing sequence: turn to zero, then left to first number, right to second, left to third, right to zero and open.

Manipulation resistance is improved by wheel pack design; never disclose combination except to authorized persons.

Relockers are glass or spring-loaded devices that fire when attacked, preventing bolt retraction.

Safe deposit boxes use dual control: bank key and customer key both required; renter identification must be verified.

Fire ratings (e.g., 350°F for 1 hour) indicate internal temperature limit for media or documents.

Drilling a safe requires knowledge of relocker locations and bolt work; use manufacturer drill points and templates.

Vault door time delay and dual custody reduce robbery risk; follow opening procedures and log entries.

Verify ownership or authorization before opening any lock or vehicle; document identification and signature.

Locksmiths must comply with state licensing and bonding requirements; keep licenses current and displayed.

Provide written estimates and obtain approval before work; disclose additional charges before proceeding.

Maintain confidentiality of key codes, combinations, and customer information; secure records and dispose of sensitive data.

Avoid conflicts of interest; do not perform unnecessary work or upsell services not needed.

Use contracts that specify scope, warranty, liability limits, and payment terms; keep copies for records.

Follow safety regulations (OSHA) and use personal protective equipment when drilling or working with power tools.

Invoice must itemize parts and labor; retain records per tax and legal requirements.