ALPT B1 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Paraphrase distractor rule

In listening multiple choice, the correct option restates the audio in different words, while options that copy exact wording are usually traps.

Correction marker in audio

Words like actually, sorry, or I mean signal that the speaker is revising an earlier figure or statement, so the later version is the answer.

Contrast signpost words

But, however, although, and though introduce information that overrides what came before, making them high-value points for locating listening answers.

Connected speech reductions

In natural speech, going to becomes gonna, want to becomes wanna, and did you blends to a single sound, so learners must recognize reduced forms.

Note-completion answer type

Gaps in listening notes are usually filled by one noun or number, so check that the word class and singular/plural form fit.

Skimming for gist

Reading the title, first sentence of each paragraph, and the conclusion gives the main idea quickly before detail questions are attempted.

True False Not Given logic

True means stated or paraphrased in the text, False means the text says the opposite, and Not Given means the text gives no information either way.

Reference word resolution

Pronouns such as this, it, they, and such point back to the nearest compatible noun phrase, which must be identified before the sentence can be understood.

Main idea versus detail option

A correct main-idea answer covers the whole passage; an option that is true of only one paragraph is a detail distractor.

Scanning technique

Scanning searches for a specific form such as a capital letter, digit, or date, then reads the surrounding sentence to confirm meaning.

Present perfect restriction

Have or has plus past participle links past to present and cannot combine with finished time markers like yesterday, last year, or in 2019.

Third conditional form

The third conditional uses if plus past perfect in the condition and would have plus past participle in the result, expressing unreal past situations.

Reported speech backshift

When reporting speech, present becomes past and will becomes would, while today becomes that day and here becomes there.

Passive voice construction

The passive is formed with be plus past participle; the agent is added with by only when it is known and relevant.

Non-defining relative clause rule

A non-defining relative clause takes commas and cannot use that; who is used for people and which for things.

Subject-verb agreement distance

The verb agrees with the head noun, not with an intervening phrase, so The list of items is long uses is.

Common verb-noun collocations

Fixed pairs include make a decision, do homework, take part in, pay attention to, and keep a promise; substituting the verb breaks the collocation.

Dependent prepositions list

Adjectives and verbs take fixed prepositions: interested in, good at, afraid of, depend on, apologize for, and responsible for.

Phrasal verb particle meaning

The particle changes meaning: give up means quit, give in means surrender, give out means distribute, and give away means donate.

Uncountable noun traps

Advice, information, furniture, and news are uncountable, so they take no plural -s and cannot follow a or an.

Word family suffixes

Suffixes mark word class: -tion and -ment form nouns, -ive and -ous form adjectives, and -ly usually forms adverbs from adjectives.

Formal versus informal register

Formal writing prefers require, request, and assist over need, ask, and help, and avoids contractions and slang.

Topic sentence function

A topic sentence states the paragraph's main claim, which the following two or three sentences support with evidence or examples.

Formal email frame

A formal email opens with Dear Mr X, states purpose in I am writing to, and closes with I look forward to hearing from you plus a sign-off.

Comma splice error

Joining two independent clauses with only a comma is an error; a full stop, semicolon, or conjunction is required instead.

Word count tolerance

Answers should stay within roughly ten percent of the required length, because under-length responses lose task-achievement marks even when accurate.

Opinion essay structure

An opinion essay states its position in the introduction, supports it in body paragraphs, and restates the same position in the conclusion.

Past tense -ed pronunciation

The -ed ending is pronounced t after voiceless sounds, d after voiced sounds, and id after t or d, as in worked, played, wanted.

Noun-verb stress shift

Two-syllable words stress the first syllable as nouns (PREsent, REcord) and the second as verbs (preSENT, reCORD).

Question intonation patterns

Yes/no questions typically rise at the end, while wh-questions typically fall; a flat contour on wh-questions can sound abrupt.

Fluency filler markers

Expressions like well, you know, I mean, and to be honest are natural planning devices that buy time without being counted as errors.

Long turn note structure

For a one-to-two-minute turn, take notes on what, when, why, and how you felt, then speak through those points to avoid repetition.