Armenia Russian Language Unified Exam study materials
Armenia Russian Language Unified Exam study resources

Paronyms and a contaminated idiom in a student essay

Armenia Russian Language Unified Exam · Put your knowledge to work in context.

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Paronyms and a contaminated idiom in a student essay

A 10th-grade student submits a 250-word essay. The teacher underlines four fragments but gives no corrections: (1) «Он предъявил гарантированный талон на ремонт»; (2) «Он быстро одел пальто и вышел»; (3) «Послу отправили дипломатичный ответ»; (4) «Этот поступок играет большое значение». The student insists that each underlined word is acceptable because a dictionary lists it. The teacher asks a tutor to show that acceptability depends on meaning and combinability, not on the word's existence. The tutor has two candidate pairs ready: гарантийный/гарантированный, одеть/надеть, дипломатичный/дипломатический. The lesson must use at least one phraseological test and one semantic feature test.

1. For fragments (1)-(3), choose the correct paronym and justify with a semantic feature or combinability constraint.

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  1. гарантийный талон, not гарантированный. Гарантийный means «relating to a guarantee» and combines with documents and periods: гарантийный талон, гарантийный срок. Гарантированный means «assured, promised»: гарантированный доход. A талон is a guarantee document, so the semantic feature «document» selects гарантийный.
  2. надеть пальто, not одеть. Надеть means «put an item on oneself»; одеть means «dress someone else»: одеть ребёнка. Since пальто is the item put on the subject, the combinability requires надеть.
  3. дипломатический ответ, not дипломатичный. Дипломатический means «official, relating to diplomacy»; дипломатичный means «tactful». The context «послу отправили ответ» points to an official diplomatic act, so the semantic feature «official sphere» selects дипломатический.

2. Explain the phraseological error in (4) using the notion of fixed combinability, and give two acceptable repairs with a nuance.

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The fragment играет большое значение is a contamination of two different fixed units: играть роль and иметь значение. Phraseological units have fixed verb-noun combinability, so a verb from a synonymous but different unit cannot be substituted freely. The noun значение selects иметь, while the noun роль selects играть.

Acceptable repairs:

  • играть большую роль - focus on function or influence;
  • иметь большое значение - focus on importance or consequence.

Both are normative, but they are not interchangeable in every context: роль profiles the part played, while значение profiles the weight or consequence.