NI-BC flashcards
NI-BC · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- DIKW hierarchy
- Model ordering data as raw facts, information as data with context, knowledge as synthesized relationships, and wisdom as applied judgment in practice.
- Nursing informatics definition
- Specialty integrating nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.
- Lewin change model
- Three-stage change process: unfreezing existing behavior, moving to the new state, then refreezing so the change becomes standard practice.
- Rogers diffusion categories
- Adopter groups for an innovation: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards, based on relative timing of adoption.
- Sociotechnical model
- Framework holding that technology success requires joint optimization of people, workflow processes, technology, organizational structure, and external environment.
- Benner novice-to-expert
- Skill acquisition model describing progression through novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert levels as experience accumulates.
- EHR versus EMR
- An EMR is a record within one organization; an EHR is designed to share longitudinal health information across multiple organizations and settings.
- Semantic interoperability
- Exchange level where systems share data with preserved meaning, using standardized coded terminologies so receivers interpret values identically.
- HL7 v2 messaging
- Exchange standard using pipe-delimited message segments, commonly for ADT, order, and result messages between clinical systems.
- FHIR standard
- Modern interoperability standard using RESTful application programming interfaces and JSON or XML resources such as Patient and Observation.
- SNOMED CT
- Comprehensive clinical terminology used to code findings, problems, and clinical concepts with defined relationships between terms.
- LOINC
- Standard terminology for identifying laboratory tests and clinical observations, enabling comparable results across systems.
- RxNorm
- Standardized nomenclature for clinical drugs in the United States, linking brand and generic products to normalized medication concepts.
- BCMA five rights
- Bedside bar-code scanning verifies right patient, medication, dose, route, and time before administration, reducing medication errors.
- Data quality dimensions
- Attributes used to judge data fitness: accuracy, completeness, consistency, timeliness, validity, uniqueness, and precision.
- Primary versus foreign key
- A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table; a foreign key references a primary key in another table to link records.
- Sensitivity formula
- Proportion of true cases correctly identified: true positives divided by true positives plus false negatives.
- Specificity formula
- Proportion of non-cases correctly identified: true negatives divided by true negatives plus false positives.
- Ratio scale data
- Measurement level with equal intervals and a true zero, permitting multiplication, division, and meaningful ratio statements.
- Median versus mean
- The mean is the arithmetic average and shifts with extreme values; the median is the middle value and resists outliers.
- Falls per 1,000 patient days
- Nurse-sensitive quality rate calculated as number of falls divided by total patient days, multiplied by 1,000.
- Time-motion study
- Workflow analysis method that measures duration and sequence of tasks to quantify steps, delays, and inefficiencies before redesign.
- CDS five rights
- Decision support should deliver the right information, to the right person, in the right format, through the right channel, at the right time.
- Usability think-aloud testing
- Evaluation where representative users verbalize thoughts while completing tasks, revealing confusion points and design defects before go-live.
- Forcing function
- Design constraint that makes an unsafe or incorrect action difficult or impossible, such as requiring a scan before medication administration.
- Order set purpose
- Grouped, evidence-based orders for a clinical condition that standardize care, reduce omissions, and embed decision support in workflow.
- Go-live hypercare
- Intensive post-launch support period with increased staffing, rapid issue triage, and monitoring of errors and workflow disruptions.
- HIPAA minimum necessary
- Privacy Rule requirement to limit protected health information used or disclosed to the least amount needed for the intended purpose.
- Breach notification timeframe
- Affected individuals must be notified without unreasonable delay and no later than 60 days after discovery of a breach.
- CIA triad
- Information security model: confidentiality limits disclosure, integrity prevents improper alteration, availability ensures timely access.
- Multi-factor authentication
- Access control requiring at least two different factor types, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric.
- Role-based access control
- Authorization model assigning permissions to job roles rather than individuals, supporting least privilege and consistent access management.