Constitutional Law and Fundamental Rights
Foundations
Angola's Constitution (2010) is the supreme law; all other norms must conform to it. Understand the structure of the state: a unitary, democratic state under the rule of law, with separation of functions among the President, the National Assembly, and the courts. Know the hierarchy of norms and the role of the Constitutional Court in reviewing constitutionality.
Fundamental rights
Master the catalogue of fundamental rights and the categories of limitation: rights may only be restricted by law for the protection of other constitutional values, respecting proportionality and never touching the essential core of the right. Distinguish rights of universal application from those with specific protection (workers, children, the family). Note the difference between derechos (rights) and garantías (guarantees) and the constitutional duty of the state to protect.
Traps
Questions often test whether a restriction is legitimate: a restriction by decree rather than statute is invalid. Watch for confusion between suspension of rights (only in declared states of emergency, under strict conditions) and ordinary legal limitation. Candidates also confuse the Constitutional Court's abstract review with concrete review in a pending case.
Rule of thumb
For any restriction question ask: legal basis (statute?), legitimate aim, necessity, proportionality, and respect for the essential core. If any element fails, the restriction is unconstitutional.