AOBFP Family Medicine flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Colorectal cancer screening start

Average-risk adults begin screening at age 45 and continue through age 75; ages 76-85 is individualized based on health and preference.

Hypertension diagnostic threshold

Hypertension is diagnosed when confirmed readings are at least 130/80 mmHg; stage 2 (at least 140/90) may be treated on repeat or a single clearly elevated encounter.

Statin decision threshold

The Pooled Cohort Equations estimate 10-year ASCVD risk; statin therapy is offered at a risk of 7.5% or greater after clinician-patient discussion.

Prediabetes criteria

Prediabetes is defined by A1c 5.7-6.4%, fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL, or 2-hour OGTT 140-199 mg/dL, with annual monitoring recommended.

Type 2 diabetes A1c goal

The A1c goal is generally less than 7% for most nonpregnant adults; it may be relaxed to less than 8% with limited life expectancy or hypoglycemia risk.

Depression screening tool

Adult depression screening uses PHQ-2 followed by PHQ-9; a PHQ-9 score of 10 or more suggests at least moderate depression.

Lung cancer screening criteria

Annual low-dose CT is recommended for ages 50-80 with 20 pack-years and current smoking or quit within 15 years.

Acute otitis media observation

Observation is acceptable for ages 6 months to 2 years with nonsevere unilateral acute otitis media; amoxicillin is first-line when antibiotics are used.

Well-child visit periodicity

Bright Futures recommends more frequent visits in infancy, then annual visits from age 3 through adolescence, with developmental and preventive screening at each.

Cervical cancer screening intervals

Screening starts at age 21; ages 21-29 cytology every 3 years; ages 30-65 cytology every 3 years, co-testing, or primary HPV testing every 5 years.

Osteoporosis DXA screening

DXA screening is recommended for women aged 65 and older and for younger postmenopausal women with elevated fracture risk based on FRAX.

Combined hormonal contraceptive contraindications

Combined hormonal contraceptives are contraindicated with migraine with aura, current venous thromboembolism, and uncontrolled hypertension.

Febrile infant under 2 months

Fever in infants under 2 months requires full evaluation with blood, urine, and CSF testing and hospitalization; ages 2-3 months are risk-stratified.

Bacterial sinusitis criteria

Bacterial sinusitis is suggested by symptoms lasting at least 10 days, severe onset with fever, or worsening after initial improvement.

Asthma controller therapy

Inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred controller in all age groups; therapy is stepped up or down based on impairment and risk.

Iron deficiency ferritin

Ferritin is the most specific test for iron deficiency in adults; microcytic anemia suggests iron deficiency or thalassemia.

Atrial fibrillation anticoagulation

CHA2DS2-VASc estimates stroke risk; a score of 2 or more in men (3 or more in women) generally warrants anticoagulation.

Low back pain red flags

Red flags include bowel or bladder dysfunction, saddle anesthesia, fever, cancer history, and progressive neurologic deficit; imaging is not routine in the first 6 weeks without them.

Somatic dysfunction definition

Somatic dysfunction is defined by TART: Tissue texture abnormality, Asymmetry, Restriction of motion, and Tenderness in a related body region.

Counterstrain technique

Counterstrain places the tender point in a position of comfort and holds about 90 seconds to reduce reflex muscle hypertonicity.

Muscle energy technique

Muscle energy uses patient-initiated isometric contractions against operator resistance, typically 3-5 seconds, repeated 3-5 times.

HVLA contraindications

High-velocity low-amplitude thrust is generally avoided in severe osteoporosis, bony metastasis, fracture, and unstable spinal disease.

Lymphatic pump techniques

Lymphatic techniques include thoracic and abdominal diaphragm release and pedal pump; indications include edema and respiratory congestion.

Myofascial release principle

Myofascial release applies sustained traction or torsion to fascial planes until a release is felt, then follows the tissue to a new barrier.

Cranial rhythmic impulse rate

Cranial treatment assesses the primary respiratory mechanism via cranial rhythmic impulse, commonly described near 10-14 cycles per minute.

Visceral technique purpose

Visceral techniques address restricted mobility of an organ relative to its fascial attachments and do not substitute for surgical evaluation of an acute abdomen.

Barrier terminology

A restrictive barrier limits motion, the physiologic barrier is the anatomic limit, and the operator moves toward the restrictive barrier in direct technique.

Direct versus indirect technique

Direct techniques engage the restrictive barrier (HVLA, muscle energy, myofascial release); indirect techniques move away from it (counterstrain, functional).

Sacral torsion naming

Forward torsion is named for the side of the anterior sacral base; backward torsion is named for the side of the posterior sacral base.

Facilitated segment

A facilitated segment is a region of the spinal cord rendered hyperexcitable by afferent input from somatic dysfunction, producing autonomic or motor effects.

Chapman points

Chapman points are anterior and posterior myofascial tender points associated with organ dysfunction and are used as diagnostic markers.