AOBOG OB-GYN flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Cumulative blood loss of 1000 mL or more, or blood loss accompanied by signs or symptoms of hypovolemia, within 24 hours after birth.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity antidote

Calcium gluconate 1 g given intravenously reverses magnesium toxicity; monitor reflexes, respiratory rate of at least 12 per minute, and urine output of at least 30 mL per hour.

Preeclampsia severe features

Blood pressure 160/110 mmHg or higher, platelets below 100,000, elevated liver enzymes, creatinine above 1.1 mg/dL, pulmonary edema, or new cerebral or visual symptoms.

Biophysical profile scoring

Five components each scored 0 or 2 for a maximum of 10; a score of 8 to 10 is reassuring, while 4 or less generally prompts delivery assessment.

First-stage labor arrest

At 6 cm or more dilation with ruptured membranes, no cervical change for 4 hours of adequate contractions or 6 hours of inadequate contractions.

RhD immune globulin dosing

300 micrograms (1500 IU) given at 28 weeks and within 72 hours postpartum to unsensitized RhD-negative women with an RhD-positive or unknown newborn.

Shoulder dystocia maneuver sequence

Begin with McRoberts positioning and suprapubic pressure, then internal rotational maneuvers, delivery of the posterior arm, and all-fours positioning; fundal pressure is avoided.

Gestational diabetes diagnostic OGTT

A 100-g, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test is diagnostic when two or more plasma glucose values meet or exceed the established thresholds.

Eclampsia prophylaxis regimen

Magnesium sulfate 4 to 6 g intravenous loading dose over 15 to 20 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 1 to 2 g per hour.

Late deceleration significance

Decelerations beginning after the contraction peak and recovering after it ends suggest uteroplacental insufficiency; recurrent late decelerations are abnormal and require evaluation.

Fetal heart rate baseline

The mean fetal heart rate rounded to 5 beats per minute over a 10-minute window; normal is 110 to 160 beats per minute.

Preterm birth definition

Delivery occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation; antenatal corticosteroids are recommended for threatened delivery between 24 and 34 weeks.

Group B streptococcus prophylaxis

Intrapartum penicillin is indicated for colonized women, those with unknown status plus risk factors, or prior infant with invasive group B streptococcal disease.

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Monochorionic twin complication with unequal placental sharing causing oligohydramnios in the donor and polyhydramnios in the recipient; fetoscopic laser is definitive treatment.

Placenta accreta spectrum

Abnormal trophoblast invasion into the myometrium, associated with prior cesarean delivery and placenta previa; management is generally planned cesarean hysterectomy.

Cervical cancer screening initiation

Screening begins at age 21 with cytology every 3 years; from age 30, co-testing every 5 years or cytology every 3 years is acceptable.

Endometrial cancer presentation

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy; postmenopausal bleeding requires transvaginal ultrasound and endometrial biopsy for evaluation.

BRCA1 lifetime ovarian risk

BRCA1 carriers have a roughly 40 to 50 percent lifetime ovarian cancer risk; risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is generally offered at ages 35 to 40 after childbearing.

PALM-COEIN classification

System for abnormal uterine bleeding: structural causes are polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and malignancy; nonstructural are coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, and not otherwise classified.

Bacterial vaginosis Amsel criteria

Diagnosis requires three of four: homogeneous discharge, vaginal pH above 4.5, positive whiff test, and clue cells on microscopy.

Menopause definition

Defined retrospectively after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea without another cause; systemic estrogen is the most effective therapy for vasomotor symptoms.

Ectopic pregnancy discriminatory zone

Serum hCG between 1500 and 3500 mIU/mL with an empty uterus on transvaginal ultrasound raises concern for ectopic pregnancy and requires close follow-up.

Methotrexate ectopic criteria

Requires hemodynamic stability, unruptured pregnancy, no significant free fluid, and reliable follow-up; contraindicated with hepatic or renal disease and breastfeeding.

Contraceptive effectiveness ranking

Typical-use failure is lowest for implants and intrauterine devices, intermediate for injectables and pills, and highest for barrier methods such as condoms.

Ovarian torsion management

Sudden unilateral pelvic pain with nausea suggests adnexal torsion; surgical detorsion with ovarian preservation is preferred, even when the ovary appears necrotic.

Postmenopausal bleeding threshold

An endometrial thickness of 4 mm or less on transvaginal ultrasound is generally reassuring; greater thickness warrants tissue sampling for hyperplasia or carcinoma.

Cervical cancer staging

Staging is clinical rather than surgical; examination, imaging, and biopsy define stage, and radical hysterectomy is reserved for early-stage disease.

Polycystic ovary syndrome criteria

Rotterdam criteria require two of three: oligo-ovulation or anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound.

Endometriosis diagnosis

Definitive diagnosis is by laparoscopy; empirical therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or combined hormonal contraceptives may be started for presumed disease.

Emergency contraception options

Copper intrauterine device is the most effective postcoital method; oral levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate are alternatives, with efficacy declining as time from intercourse increases.

Ovarian cancer presenting symptoms

Persistent bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, early satiety, and urinary urgency in older women warrant evaluation; CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound assist diagnosis.

Uterine fibroid treatment

Options include observation, hormonal therapy, myomectomy for fertility-sparing surgery, uterine artery embolization, and hysterectomy for definitive management.