AOBOS Orthopedics flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

TART criteria

TART stands for tissue texture change, asymmetry, restriction of motion, and tenderness; these four findings document somatic dysfunction on osteopathic examination.

Fryette type II mechanics

In Fryette type II non-neutral mechanics, a single vertebral segment sidebends and rotates to the same side; this pattern occurs in acute, non-neutral dysfunction.

RANKL OPG ratio

The RANKL/OPG ratio controls osteoclast differentiation; a high ratio favors bone resorption, while a low ratio favors osteoblast-mediated bone formation and reduced resorption.

Delta compartment pressure

Delta pressure equals diastolic blood pressure minus compartment pressure; a value below 30 mmHg suggests compartment syndrome and supports urgent fasciotomy when clinical findings are consistent.

Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB

A Gustilo-Anderson IIIB open fracture has extensive soft-tissue loss with inadequate bone coverage, requiring a local or free flap for soft-tissue reconstruction.

Garden III femoral neck

A Garden III femoral neck fracture is complete and partially displaced, with disrupted trabecular alignment; avascular necrosis risk is higher than in nondisplaced fractures.

Weber C ankle fracture

A Weber C ankle fracture occurs above the syndesmosis and implies syndesmotic disruption; it requires assessment of mortise stability and often syndesmotic fixation.

Gartland type III

A Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fracture is completely displaced with no cortical contact; it usually requires closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.

Cup inclination target

In total hip arthroplasty, acetabular cup inclination is typically targeted near 40 degrees, with a common acceptable range of 30 to 50 degrees to reduce dislocation and wear.

Particle disease osteolysis

Periprosthetic osteolysis is caused by wear particles activating macrophages, which release cytokines and activate osteoclasts, producing progressive bone loss around implants.

Paprosky grade III

Paprosky grade III acetabular defects show severe bone loss with component migration; reconstruction may require trabecular metal augments, cages, or structural grafts.

Unicompartmental knee indication

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is suitable for isolated medial compartment arthritis with a correctable deformity, intact cruciate ligaments, and preserved lateral compartment.

Lachman test

The Lachman test assesses anterior cruciate ligament integrity by applying anterior tibial translation with the knee flexed about 20 to 30 degrees; it is the most sensitive ACL test.

Bankart lesion

A Bankart lesion is an anteroinferior glenoid labral tear associated with anterior shoulder dislocation; it contributes to recurrent instability and is seen on MRI or arthroscopy.

Outerbridge grade IV

Outerbridge grade IV cartilage injury shows exposed subchondral bone with full-thickness cartilage loss; grade III shows deep fissures without exposed bone.

Cam alpha angle

A cam femoroacetabular impingement deformity is identified by an elevated alpha angle on imaging; the aspherical femoral head-neck junction causes labral and chondral damage.

TLICS score

The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score sums morphology, posterior ligamentous complex integrity, and neurologic status; scores above 4 generally favor operative treatment.

Meyerding grade III

Meyerding grade III spondylolisthesis indicates 51 to 75 percent anterior translation of one vertebra over the next; grade V is complete displacement or spondyloptosis.

Cauda equina red flags

Cauda equina syndrome warning signs include saddle anesthesia, bowel or bladder dysfunction, bilateral sciatica, and progressive motor weakness; urgent MRI is required.

ASIA grade A

ASIA grade A is a complete spinal cord injury with no sensory or motor function preserved in the sacral segments S4-S5; grades B through E are incomplete or normal.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is median nerve compression at the wrist, causing nocturnal numbness, thenar weakness, and a positive Phalen or Tinel test; nerve conduction studies confirm.

Scaphoid avascular necrosis

Proximal pole scaphoid fractures have a retrograde blood supply, so avascular necrosis risk is highest proximally; MRI can detect occult fracture and ischemia.

Dupuytren tabletop test

The tabletop test is positive when a Dupuytren contracture prevents the hand from laying flat on a table; it indicates functional impairment and supports surgical referral.

Bennett fracture

A Bennett fracture is an intra-articular fracture at the thumb metacarpal base with a small volar fragment; the shaft is pulled proximally by the abductor pollicis longus.

Thompson test

The Thompson test assesses Achilles tendon rupture by squeezing the calf; absent plantarflexion indicates a complete rupture and supports urgent orthopedic evaluation.

Lisfranc diastasis

Lisfranc injury shows widening between the first and second metatarsal bases; weight-bearing radiographs or CT help detect subtle tarsometatarsal instability.

Charcot rocker-bottom

Charcot neuroarthropathy can cause midfoot collapse and a rocker-bottom foot in diabetes; warmth, redness, and swelling may mimic infection.

Morton neuroma

Morton neuroma is a symptomatic interdigital nerve thickening, most often in the third webspace, causing forefoot pain and a positive Mulder click.

SCFE frog-leg view

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is best seen on a frog-leg lateral radiograph as posterior and medial displacement of the femoral head; obesity is a risk factor.

Ortolani maneuver

The Ortolani maneuver reduces a dislocated infant hip and detects developmental dysplasia; a palpable clunk indicates relocation of the femoral head.

Osteosarcoma sunburst

Osteosarcoma often arises in the metaphysis of the distal femur or proximal tibia and shows a sunburst periosteal reaction; lung metastases are common.

Ewing translocation

Ewing sarcoma is associated with the t(11;22) translocation producing EWSR1-FLI1; it typically affects the diaphysis and shows onion-skin periosteal reaction.