AOBP Pediatrics flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Pediatric weight estimation 1-6 years

Weight (kg) = 2 × (age in years) + 8. Used for rapid drug dosing and fluid resuscitation in children aged 1 to 6 years.

Kawasaki disease treatment

IVIG 2 g/kg as a single infusion plus high-dose aspirin (80–100 mg/kg/day divided QID) until fever resolves, then low-dose aspirin for 6–8 weeks.

Simple febrile seizure criteria

Age 6 months to 5 years, generalized tonic-clonic, duration less than 15 minutes, no recurrence within 24 hours, and no prior neurologic abnormality.

Acute otitis media antibiotic

High-dose amoxicillin 80–90 mg/kg/day divided BID is first-line for uncomplicated acute otitis media in children; duration 10 days for under 2 years or severe symptoms.

Failure to thrive definition

Weight below the 5th percentile for age or crossing two or more major percentile lines downward on a growth chart over time.

Apgar score components

Five components scored 0–2 each: appearance (color), pulse (heart rate), grimace (reflex irritability), activity (muscle tone), and respiration. Scores obtained at 1 and 5 minutes.

Neonatal resuscitation heart rate threshold

Positive pressure ventilation is indicated if heart rate is below 100 beats/min or apnea is present; chest compressions begin if heart rate remains below 60 after 30 seconds of effective ventilation.

Neonatal hypoglycemia treatment

For symptomatic or blood glucose below 25 mg/dL, give IV dextrose 10% at 2 mL/kg bolus; for asymptomatic 25–40 mg/dL, feed and recheck glucose in 30 minutes.

Necrotizing enterocolitis signs

Preterm infant with feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, bloody stools, and pneumatosis intestinalis on X-ray; treat with bowel rest, antibiotics, and surgery if perforated.

Respiratory distress syndrome treatment

Exogenous surfactant via endotracheal tube plus nasal CPAP for preterm infants with ground-glass opacities and air bronchograms on chest X-ray.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

Intramuscular epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg (maximum 0.5 mg) of 1:1000 concentration into the lateral thigh; repeat every 5–15 minutes if symptoms persist.

Allergic rhinitis first-line treatment

Intranasal corticosteroid is the most effective first-line therapy for allergic rhinitis; add a second-generation oral antihistamine for ocular symptoms.

Immunodeficiency red flags

Two or more pneumonias per year, four or more ear infections per year, recurrent deep skin abscesses, failure to thrive, or need for intravenous antibiotics to clear infections.

Eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosis

Esophageal biopsy showing at least 15 eosinophils per high-power field in a patient with dysphagia, food impaction, or vomiting; treat with proton pump inhibitor, swallowed steroids, or elimination diet.

Penicillin allergy prevalence

Fewer than 5% of patients with a reported penicillin allergy are truly allergic when evaluated by skin testing or oral challenge.

Asthma severity classification adults

Mild intermittent: symptoms ≤2 days/week; mild persistent: >2 days/week but not daily; moderate persistent: daily symptoms; severe persistent: symptoms throughout the day.

Concussion return-to-play protocol

Five stages: light aerobic exercise, sport-specific exercise, non-contact drills, full-contact practice, and game play, with at least 24 hours between each stage.

Ottawa Ankle Rules

X-ray indicated if pain in malleolar zone plus inability to bear weight four steps or bone tenderness at posterior lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, navicular, or base of fifth metatarsal.

Osgood-Schlatter disease treatment

Activity modification, quadriceps stretching, and NSAIDs for traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle in adolescents; condition is self-limited.

Exercise-associated hyponatremia

Occurs with excessive fluid intake during endurance events; symptoms include nausea, headache, confusion, and seizures; treat with fluid restriction and hypertonic saline if severe.

Female athlete triad

Low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density; screen with questions about menstrual history, stress fractures, and disordered eating.

ACL injury most sensitive test

Lachman test is the most sensitive physical examination maneuver for anterior cruciate ligament tear; anterior drawer and pivot shift tests are also used.

Exertional heat stroke

Core body temperature above 40°C with central nervous system dysfunction; treat with immediate cooling (ice immersion) and emergency transport.

TART mnemonic

Tissue texture change, Asymmetry, Restriction of motion, and Tenderness; used to document somatic dysfunction findings on osteopathic structural examination.

Counterstrain technique

Position the patient to shorten the involved muscle for 90 seconds to reduce tender point; used for acute somatic dysfunction.

Muscle energy technique

Patient actively contracts muscle against physician counterforce from a barrier; used to improve motion and reduce restriction.

HVLA contraindications

High-velocity low-amplitude technique is contraindicated in fracture, dislocation, severe osteoporosis, malignancy, or infection at the treatment site.

Lymphatic pump technique

Rhythmic compression of thoracic and abdominal areas to enhance lymphatic flow; indicated for edema, infection, and postoperative recovery.

Cranial rhythmic impulse rate

Normal cranial rhythmic impulse is 10–14 cycles per minute; assessed during cranial osteopathy for somatic dysfunction of cranial bones.

Myofascial release technique

Apply sustained pressure or traction to fascial restrictions until release; useful for chronic pain and restricted motion.

Somatic dysfunction definition

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system (skeletal, arthrodial, myofascial); diagnosed by TART findings.

Pediatric dehydration classification

Mild: less than 5% weight loss; moderate: 5–10%; severe: greater than 10%; use oral rehydration solution 50 mL/kg over 4 hours for mild and 100 mL/kg for moderate.