AP Italian Language and Culture key terms

A household that includes relatives beyond parents and children, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins, often living nearby or sharing daily responsibilities and resources.

The basic family unit usually made up of parents and their dependent children, used in surveys and social policy to describe who lives together in one home.

The act of living together with another person or group, often used for unmarried partners or shared housing arrangements, involving practical and emotional agreements about daily life.

Unpaid work done willingly for community organizations or people in need, often organized by associations and valued as a form of civic participation and social solidarity.

A group of people connected by shared place, interests, culture, or identity, whose members cooperate and support one another through formal or informal networks.

A structured period of civic service, often for young adults, in which participants work with public or nonprofit organizations and receive training and modest compensation.

The process of ensuring that all people can participate fully in community life, education, work, and decision-making, especially those at risk of exclusion or discrimination.

A local variety of a language spoken in a specific region, with its own vocabulary and pronunciation, often used alongside standard Italian in family and community settings.

The inherited traditions, monuments, documents, languages, and practices that a society considers valuable and passes to future generations, often protected by laws and institutions.

The first language a person acquires in childhood, usually at home, and uses for early communication and identity; also called native language or mother tongue.

A word or expression taken from another language and adopted into a receiving language, sometimes adapted in spelling or pronunciation, such as English terms used in Italian.

Open communication and exchange between people from different cultural backgrounds, aimed at mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation rather than assimilation or conflict.

The transmission of stories, songs, proverbs, and knowledge by speaking and listening rather than writing, often preserving local history and values across generations.

The press, including newspapers, magazines, and journalists, as an institution that reports news and shapes public opinion; also refers to printing as a technology.

A European cultural movement beginning in Italy in the fourteenth century, marked by renewed interest in classical art and learning, and by achievements in painting, sculpture, and architecture.

A painting made on wet plaster so that pigments become part of the wall surface, a technique used widely in Italian churches and palaces from the medieval and Renaissance periods.

The design and construction of stage settings for theater, opera, or film, including backdrops, furniture, lighting, and spatial arrangement that support the story.

A public exhibition of artworks, objects, or documents, often organized in museums or galleries for a limited time and accompanied by catalogues and educational programs.

The making of objects by skilled hands, often in small workshops, using traditional techniques and local materials; it supports local economies and preserves cultural knowledge.

The collection of paintings, sculptures, buildings, and other works of art that a country or community preserves as part of its identity and historical memory.

The introduction of new ideas, methods, products, or technologies that create meaningful change in how people work, communicate, learn, or solve problems.

Systematic investigation carried out to discover facts, test hypotheses, and develop reliable knowledge, usually following recognized methods and subject to peer review.

Computer systems designed to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as recognizing images, translating languages, or making predictions from data.

Energy sources that naturally replenish, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat, used to produce electricity or heat with lower greenhouse gas emissions.

A system of connected people, devices, or organizations; in technology, it often refers to the internet or computer networks that enable communication and data exchange.

The ability to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs, applied to environmental, economic, and social practices.

Employment that is insecure, temporary, or poorly paid, often lacking benefits and legal protections, and associated with uncertainty about income and career stability.

Large-scale travel by many people to popular destinations, often bringing economic benefits but also causing overcrowding, environmental damage, and pressure on local housing.

Clothing production and consumption designed to reduce environmental harm and improve labor conditions, using safer materials, less waste, and more ethical supply chains.

An unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, or rights among people or groups, often measured by income, education, health, and access to power.

Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases, affecting ecosystems, economies, and communities worldwide.

The movement of people from one place to another to live, work, or seek safety, which can be voluntary or forced and affects both sending and receiving communities.

The growing interconnection of economies, cultures, and societies through trade, travel, communication, and technology, creating both opportunities and tensions across borders.

Basic entitlements that belong to every person regardless of nationality, gender, or status, including freedom, safety, education, and fair treatment under the law.

The condition in which women and men have equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities in education, work, politics, and family life, free from discrimination.