Skin Analysis and Skin Types/Conditions
The analysis sequence
A defensible skin analysis moves from general to specific: observe under good light, note skin type (oiliness/dryness balance), then skin condition (temporary or treatable states like dehydration, acne, hyperpigmentation, sensitivity, aging), then contraindications. Type is largely genetic and stable; condition changes with environment, health, and habits.
The classic type categories
Normal (balanced), dry (underactive sebum, tight, flaky), oily (overactive sebum, shine, enlarged pores), and combination (oily T-zone, drier cheeks). Sensitive is often described as a type but behaves more like a condition; exam questions may expect either - read the stem for whether sensitivity is described as reactive and temporary.
Conditions and what they imply
- Dehydration - lack of water, not oil; fine lines, tightness. Treat with humectants.
- Acne - inflammation of follicles; distinguish comedones from pustules; avoid aggressive extraction on inflamed lesions.
- Hyperpigmentation - sun-driven; requires UV protection counseling.
- Rosacea-like redness - avoid heat, friction, strong exfoliation.
Traps
- Type vs. condition confusion - the most common trap. "Flaky but oily" is combination or oily-dehydrated, not dry.
- Diagnosing disease. Estheticians identify conditions and refer; they do not diagnose medical conditions such as skin cancer or severe acne.
- Skipping consultation. Analysis without a client history is incomplete.
Rule of thumb
Describe what you see, name the type, name the condition, then state what you will and will not do. If a lesion looks irregular, changing, or painful, stop and refer.