AR Pesticide Applicator flashcards
AR Pesticide Applicator · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Economic threshold
- The pest population density at which the cost of control equals the value of crop loss that would be prevented, signaling that treatment is economically justified.
- Complete metamorphosis
- An insect life cycle with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Larvae look very different from adults and feed in different habitats.
- Incomplete metamorphosis
- An insect life cycle with three stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Nymphs resemble small adults and gradually develop wings and reproductive organs.
- Degree-day model
- A predictive tool that accumulates daily temperatures above a species base threshold to estimate insect development and time scouting or treatment.
- Biennial weed
- A plant completing its life cycle in two years: it grows vegetatively the first year and flowers, seeds, and dies the second year.
- Restricted-entry interval
- The minimum time after a pesticide application before workers may enter the treated area without protective equipment, specified on the product label.
- Preharvest interval
- The minimum number of days between the last pesticide application and harvest, set to ensure residues remain within legal tolerances.
- Section 18 exemption
- A federal emergency authorization allowing a state to use an unregistered pesticide for a limited time to control an unexpected pest outbreak.
- Section 24(c) registration
- A state-issued special local need registration that permits an additional use of a federally registered pesticide within that state.
- Signal word
- A word on the label indicating acute toxicity: DANGER-POISON, DANGER, WARNING, or CAUTION, from most to least hazardous.
- Restricted-use pesticide
- A pesticide that may be applied only by, or under the direct supervision of, a certified applicator because of its potential risk.
- Adjuvant
- A substance added to a spray tank to improve mixing, coverage, adhesion, or drift control; it is not itself pesticidal.
- Emulsifiable concentrate
- A liquid formulation containing active ingredient, solvent, and emulsifier that mixes with water to form a milky suspension for spraying.
- Wettable powder
- A dry powder formulation that forms a suspension in water; it requires constant agitation because particles settle out.
- Acid equivalent
- The portion of a pesticide formulation that provides the active pesticidal acid, used to compare products with different salt formulations.
- Compatibility jar test
- A small-scale test mixing products in the same order and ratio as the tank to detect separation, flocculation, or heat before mixing a full load.
- Tank-mix order
- A sequence for adding products: water first, then dry formulations, then liquid formulations, then adjuvants last, to prevent incompatibility.
- Gallons per acre formula
- GPA equals ounces collected per nozzle times 5940, divided by the product of nozzle spacing in inches and speed in miles per hour.
- Nozzle wear threshold
- A nozzle should be replaced when its flow rate exceeds 10 percent above the flow of a new nozzle of the same size at the same pressure.
- Drift-reduction nozzle
- A nozzle designed to produce larger droplets and fewer fines, reducing off-target spray movement while maintaining acceptable coverage.
- Boom height
- The distance from nozzle to target; raising it widens the swath but increases drift and reduces pattern uniformity.
- Spray overlap
- The intentional overlap of adjacent nozzle patterns, typically achieved by spacing flat-fan nozzles at half their spray width.
- Personal protective equipment
- Clothing and devices such as gloves, coveralls, respirators, and eye protection required by the label to reduce applicator exposure.
- Poison control number
- The national telephone number 1-800-222-1222 for emergency advice after pesticide exposure; also listed on many labels.
- Cholinesterase inhibition
- A toxic mechanism of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides causing nervous system symptoms; medical treatment is given by professionals.
- Heat stress
- A risk from wearing protective equipment in hot weather; its symptoms can be mistaken for pesticide poisoning, so monitor workers closely.
- Temperature inversion
- A stable air layer where temperature increases with height, trapping spray droplets near the ground and allowing long-distance drift.
- Leaching risk factors
- High water solubility, low soil adsorption, long persistence, sandy soils, and shallow water tables all increase the chance a pesticide reaches groundwater.
- Vegetative filter strip
- A band of vegetation that slows runoff and traps sediment-bound pesticides before they reach streams or ditches.
- Buffer zone
- A required untreated distance between an application site and a sensitive area such as a well, stream, or habitat, specified on the label.
- Triple rinsing
- Filling an empty container one-third full of water, shaking, and draining three times to remove residue before recycling or disposal.
- Safety Data Sheet
- A document providing hazard, first-aid, handling, and disposal information for a product; keep one available for each pesticide stored.