Arab Board Dermatology Clinical flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Auspitz sign

Pinpoint bleeding after removal of scale in psoriasis, reflecting dilated capillaries in elongated dermal papillae.

Nikolsky sign

Separation of epidermis with lateral pressure, positive in pemphigus vulgaris and toxic epidermal necrolysis due to loss of keratinocyte adhesion.

Darier sign

Urticarial wheal and erythema induced by rubbing a lesion, characteristic of cutaneous mastocytosis due to mast cell degranulation.

Koebner phenomenon

Development of new lesions at sites of trauma, seen in psoriasis, lichen planus, vitiligo, and molluscum contagiosum.

Wickham striae

Fine white reticulated lines on the surface of lichen planus papules and mucosal lesions, representing hypergranulosis.

Herald patch

Single larger oval scaling plaque that precedes the generalized eruption of pityriasis rosea by days to weeks.

Eczema herpeticum

Disseminated herpes simplex infection in atopic skin causing monomorphic vesicles and punched-out erosions; requires systemic acyclovir.

Isotretinoin teratogenicity

Oral isotretinoin is highly teratogenic; pregnancy testing and two contraception methods are required before and during therapy.

Hurley staging

Three-stage classification of hidradenitis suppurativa based on nodules, sinus tracts, and scarring; guides surgical and medical therapy.

Rhinophyma

Phymatous rosacea subtype with thickened, bulbous nasal skin due to sebaceous gland hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Kerion

Boggy inflammatory mass with pustules and hair loss caused by dermatophyte infection, requiring oral antifungal therapy.

Delta-wing sign

Dermoscopic finding of scabies showing the mite as a small triangular structure at the end of a burrow.

Erythrasma fluorescence

Corynebacterium minutissimum infection shows coral-red fluorescence under Wood lamp due to coproporphyrin III production.

Chicken-wire immunofluorescence

Intercellular IgG and C3 deposition in the epidermis on direct immunofluorescence, diagnostic of pemphigus vulgaris.

SCORTEN

Prognostic score for toxic epidermal necrolysis using seven variables including age, BSA, urea, and bicarbonate to predict mortality.

Salt-split skin

Technique separating epidermis from dermis to localize autoantibodies: roof in bullous pemphigoid, floor in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.

DRESS syndrome

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; latency 2-8 weeks with facial edema, hepatitis, and HHV-6 reactivation.

Wood lamp

Ultraviolet light at 365 nm used to enhance pigmentary changes, fungal fluorescence, and erythrasma.

Polymorphous light eruption

Pruritic papules and plaques on sun-exposed skin appearing hours to days after UV exposure, reproduced by provocation testing.

Arborizing vessels

Dermoscopic finding of branching telangiectasias, characteristic of basal cell carcinoma.

Blue-white veil

Dermoscopic structureless blue-white area overlying melanin, suggesting melanoma or other pigmented tumor.

Pautrier microabscesses

Intraepidermal clusters of atypical lymphocytes, histologic hallmark of mycosis fungoides.

Exclamation-mark hairs

Short broken hairs tapering proximally at the edge of alopecia areata patches.

Hutchinson sign

Pigment extending onto the proximal nail fold in longitudinal melanonychia, suggesting subungual melanoma.

Oil-drop spots

Yellow-brown discolored areas on the nail bed in psoriatic nail disease, representing focal parakeratosis.

Ash-leaf spots

Hypopigmented leaf-shaped macules in tuberous sclerosis, often the earliest cutaneous finding.

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Facial port-wine stain in the V1 trigeminal distribution with ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma and seizures.

Mohs micrographic surgery

Staged excision with complete margin assessment, indicated for high-risk basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

Pulsed dye laser

Vascular laser at 585-595 nm targeting oxyhemoglobin, used for port-wine stains and telangiectasias.

Hyaluronidase

Enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid fillers, used to reverse vascular occlusion or overcorrection.

Calciphylaxis

Painful purpuric plaques and ulcers from medial calcification of small vessels in end-stage renal disease.

Erythroderma

Generalized erythema and scaling involving more than 90% of body surface area, with risk of hypothermia and heart failure.