Arab Board Emergency Medicine Clinical Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Adult CPR compression rate

Compress at 100 to 120 per minute with a depth of 5 to 6 cm, allowing full chest recoil and minimizing interruptions to less than 10 seconds.

Biphasic defibrillation energy

Use 120 to 200 joules for biphasic defibrillation, following the manufacturer's recommended dose, and immediately resume chest compressions after delivering the shock.

Cardiac arrest epinephrine dose

Give 1 mg of epinephrine intravenously or intraosseously every 3 to 5 minutes during adult cardiac arrest with either shockable or non-shockable rhythm.

Septic shock fluid bolus

Give 30 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid within the first 3 hours, then start norepinephrine if mean arterial pressure remains below 65 mmHg.

Anaphylaxis intramuscular epinephrine

Inject 0.5 mg of epinephrine (0.5 mL of 1:1000) into the anterolateral thigh and repeat every 5 to 15 minutes if symptoms persist.

Shock index formula

Shock index is heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure; a value above 0.9 suggests occult shock and above 1.0 predicts greater transfusion requirement.

Permissive hypotension trauma

In penetrating trauma without traumatic brain injury, target a systolic blood pressure of 80 to 90 mmHg until surgical hemorrhage control is achieved.

Tranexamic acid trauma dose

Give 1 g of tranexamic acid intravenously within 3 hours of injury, followed by 1 g infused over 8 hours.

FAST examination windows

FAST examines four windows: right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, pelvis, and subxiphoid pericardial view; it detects free fluid.

Parkland burn formula

Give 4 mL/kg per percent total body surface area of lactated Ringer's over 24 hours, with half given in the first 8 hours from burn time.

Adult rule of nines

Head 9%, each arm 9%, each leg 18%, anterior trunk 18%, posterior trunk 18%, and perineum 1% estimate adult burn surface area.

Door-to-balloon STEMI target

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention should be delivered within 90 minutes at a PCI centre, or within 120 minutes when transfer is required.

Adenosine SVT dose

Give adenosine 6 mg by rapid intravenous push for supraventricular tachycardia, followed by 12 mg if the first dose fails to convert the rhythm.

Aortic dissection rate control

Give a beta-blocker first to achieve heart rate below 60 beats per minute and systolic blood pressure of 100 to 120 mmHg.

COPD oxygen target

Titrate oxygen to a saturation of 88% to 92% in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to avoid worsening hypercapnia.

Massive pulmonary embolism treatment

For pulmonary embolism with hypotension or shock, give systemic thrombolysis such as alteplase 100 mg over 2 hours, or arrange catheter or surgical embolectomy.

Stroke thrombolysis window

Intravenous thrombolysis is given within 4.5 hours of ischemic stroke onset; thrombectomy is considered within 6 to 24 hours for large vessel occlusion.

Status epilepticus first-line

Give a benzodiazepine first, such as lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg or intramuscular midazolam 10 mg, then a second-line antiepileptic.

GCS intubation threshold

A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less is an indication for endotracheal intubation to protect the airway.

Acetaminophen overdose antidote

N-acetylcysteine is the antidote; use the Rumack-Matthew nomogram at 4 hours and treat if the level is above the treatment line.

Organophosphate poisoning antidote

Give atropine until secretions dry and add pralidoxime; decontaminate the patient and avoid succinylcholine because of prolonged paralysis.

Paediatric fluid bolus

Give 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid as a fluid bolus and reassess; maintenance fluids follow the 4-2-1 rule.

Croup treatment

Give dexamethasone 0.15 to 0.6 mg/kg; use nebulized epinephrine for stridor at rest and avoid examining the throat.

Pyloric stenosis findings

Projectile nonbilious vomiting at 3 to 6 weeks of age with hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and an olive-shaped abdominal mass.

Eclampsia magnesium dose

Give magnesium sulfate 4 to 6 g intravenously as a loading dose for eclampsia or severe preeclampsia, followed by a maintenance infusion.

Postpartum hemorrhage first step

Uterine atony is the most common cause; perform fundal massage, give oxytocin 10 units intramuscularly, and tranexamic acid 1 g intravenously.

Ottawa ankle rules

Order ankle radiography if there is malleolar pain plus bone tenderness or inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department.

Compartment syndrome pressure

Fasciotomy is indicated when compartment pressure exceeds 30 mmHg or when the difference between diastolic pressure and compartment pressure is less than 30 mmHg.

Hyperkalemia calcium indication

Give calcium gluconate or calcium chloride for hyperkalemia with electrocardiographic changes such as widened QRS or peaked T waves.

Hyponatremia correction limit

Correct sodium by no more than 8 to 10 mmol/L in 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination; use 3% saline for seizures.

Lumbar puncture level

Perform lumbar puncture at the L3-L4 or L4-L5 interspace, which is below the conus medullaris in most adults.

START triage categories

START assigns green for minor, yellow for delayed, red for immediate, and black for deceased or expectant patients using respirations, perfusion, and mental status.