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Question 1NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which form is used to document a developmental counseling session in the Army?
- DA Form 2166-9-1
- DA Form 638
- DA Form 4856 Correct answer.
- DA Form 5434
Explanation
DA Form 4856, the Developmental Counseling Form, is the standard record for a counseling session; it captures the purpose, key points discussed, and the plan of action. The Soldier's signature on the form only acknowledges that the session occurred.
Question 2NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which publication is the Army's primary doctrinal reference for the counseling process?
- AR 600-20
- FM 6-22
- ADP 6-22
- ATP 6-22.1 Correct answer.
Explanation
ATP 6-22.1, The Counseling Process, sets out the Army's counseling doctrine, including the approaches, types, and stages of counseling. The other publications address leadership foundations or command policy rather than counseling procedure.
Question 3NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which counseling approach places the counselor in the lead role, providing information and telling the subordinate what must change?
- Nondirective
- Reflective
- Combined
- Directive Correct answer.
Explanation
In the directive approach the counselor leads the session, supplies information and experience, and tells the subordinate what to do. It is most useful when time is limited, the subordinate lacks experience, or the situation demands immediate action.
Question 4NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
The nondirective counseling approach is most appropriate when:
- A specific duty failure must be corrected at once
- Immediate action is required and time is short
- The Soldier is mature and the issue is personal Correct answer.
- The Soldier lacks experience and needs direction
Explanation
Nondirective counseling is subordinate-led; the counselor helps the Soldier think the problem through and choose a solution. It suits mature, experienced Soldiers dealing with largely personal issues, while short timelines or inexperience call for the directive approach.
Question 5NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
A squad leader lets a Soldier explain a problem in full, then gives specific direction when the Soldier's proposed plan is unrealistic. Which counseling approach is being used?
- Coaching
- Directive
- Nondirective
- Combined Correct answer.
Explanation
The combined approach shifts between subordinate-led listening and counselor-led direction within the same session as the Soldier's needs require. It is the approach experienced counselors use most of the time.
Question 6NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which stage begins the counseling process?
- Prepare for counseling
- Assess the Soldier's duty performance
- Identify the need for counseling Correct answer.
- Conduct the counseling session
Explanation
Counseling follows four stages: identify the need, prepare, conduct, and follow up. Identifying the need comes first because it determines the type of counseling required and the outcome the counselor wants.
Question 7NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which action belongs to the preparation stage of counseling?
- Determining whether further counseling is needed
- Observing the Soldier's progress toward the plan
- Recording the session on DA Form 4856
- Selecting a place and gathering information Correct answer.
Explanation
Preparation includes choosing a private setting, scheduling adequate time, notifying the Soldier, and organizing the facts about the issue to be discussed. Observing progress and deciding on further counseling belong to follow-up.
Question 8NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Restating a Soldier's message in the counselor's own words to confirm understanding is which active listening skill?
- Summarizing
- Silence
- Paraphrasing Correct answer.
- Clarifying
Explanation
Paraphrasing is a brief restatement of the Soldier's message in the listener's own words so both parties agree on what was said. Summarizing condenses a whole conversation, and clarifying asks for more detail.
Question 9NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Why should a counselor use open-ended questions during a counseling session?
- To guide the Soldier toward a set conclusion
- To encourage the Soldier to explain the problem Correct answer.
- To keep the session short and tightly controlled
- To confirm specific details of an incident quickly
Explanation
Open-ended questions cannot be answered with a simple yes or no, so they prompt the Soldier to describe the situation and reason through it. They support the Soldier-centered portion of a session.
Question 10NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Counseling that reviews a Soldier's duty performance over a specific period, such as that tied to an evaluation, is which type of counseling?
- Professional growth counseling
- Event counseling
- Performance counseling Correct answer.
- Crisis counseling
Explanation
Performance counseling reviews duty performance over a period against established standards and is the type linked to evaluation reporting. Event counseling addresses a single occurrence, while professional growth counseling looks forward to career goals.
Question 11NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which of the following is an example of event counseling?
- A session held after a Soldier violates an SOP Correct answer.
- A discussion of a Soldier's goals for the next promotion board
- A quarterly review of a Soldier's duty performance
- An annual review of the Soldier's career timeline
Explanation
Event counseling is driven by a specific occurrence, such as an instance of superior performance, a duty failure, or a violation of standards. Reviews that span a period are performance or professional growth counseling.
Question 12NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
What is the primary focus of professional growth counseling?
- Documenting misconduct for administrative action
- Planning the Soldier's career goals Correct answer.
- Resolving an immediate personal crisis
- Reviewing duty performance against a rating scheme
Explanation
Professional growth counseling helps a Soldier assess strengths and weaknesses and set short- and long-term career and personal development goals. It is forward-looking rather than a review of past performance.
Question 13NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
A Soldier discloses a legal problem that is beyond the NCO's ability and authority to resolve. Which type of event counseling applies?
- Crisis counseling
- Performance counseling
- Separation counseling
- Referral counseling Correct answer.
Explanation
Referral counseling is used when a Soldier's problem exceeds the NCO's ability or authority; the NCO directs the Soldier to the proper professional or agency and then follows up. It is a form of event counseling.
Question 14NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Crisis counseling is appropriate when:
- a Soldier has failed a record fitness test
- a Soldier needs an annual review of career goals
- a Soldier is being separated from the service
- a Soldier is a danger to self or others Correct answer.
Explanation
Crisis counseling addresses a situation requiring immediate attention, such as a Soldier who may harm themselves or others; the priority is safety and connecting the Soldier with the right help. Routine reviews and administrative matters use other types of counseling.
Question 15NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Separation counseling informs the Soldier primarily about:
- the criteria for the next promotion
- the Soldier's rights and benefits Correct answer.
- the composition of the rating chain
- the unit's training schedule
Explanation
Separation counseling ensures a departing Soldier understands the rights, benefits, and administrative requirements that apply during transition. It does not cover routine unit business or promotion matters.
Question 16NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
When giving a subordinate feedback about a mistake, an NCO should focus on:
- the punishment that may follow another failure
- how the Soldier's work compared with peers in the squad
- the specific behavior and its effect on the mission Correct answer.
- the Soldier's personal traits and attitude
Explanation
Effective feedback describes observable behavior and its impact, then states the standard to meet; it is specific, timely, and aimed at improvement. Attacking traits or comparing Soldiers creates defensiveness and teaches nothing.
Question 17NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which of the following is a barrier to effective counseling?
- Letting personal bias shape judgments Correct answer.
- Asking the Soldier to summarize the agreed plan
- Using silence to let the Soldier think
- Maintaining steady eye contact
Explanation
Personal bias, preconceptions, loss of emotional control, and a distracting environment all interfere with counseling. Eye contact, silence, and summaries are active listening skills that support it.
Question 18NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
After a counseling session, a Soldier declines to sign DA Form 4856. What is the correct action?
- Hold the Soldier until the signature is obtained
- Annotate the form that the Soldier declined to sign Correct answer.
- Cancel the counseling because it is invalid without a signature
- Sign the Soldier's name to show the session occurred
Explanation
A signature on DA Form 4856 acknowledges that counseling took place; it does not indicate agreement with the content. When a Soldier declines, the counselor notes the refusal on the form and the session stands.
Question 19NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
What is the primary purpose of developmental counseling?
- To satisfy an annual requirement
- To document misconduct
- To punish poor performance
- To help the Soldier improve Correct answer.
Explanation
Developmental counseling exists to help Soldiers improve performance and grow professionally by identifying the problem and agreeing on a plan of action. Punishment and administrative documentation are separate actions.
Question 20NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which leadership competency of the Army Leadership Requirements Model includes developing others, preparing self, and stewarding the profession?
- Leads
- Presence
- Achieves
- Develops Correct answer.
Explanation
The competencies are leads, develops, and achieves; 'develops' covers preparing self, developing others, creating a positive climate, and stewarding the profession. Presence is an attribute, not a competency.
Question 21NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which statement best distinguishes coaching from mentoring?
- Coaching targets a specific skill in the short term Correct answer.
- Coaching may only be done by the rating official
- Coaching requires a written agreement approved by the commander
- Coaching is a long-term relationship built on shared career interests
Explanation
Coaching is a short-term, task-focused activity aimed at improving a specific skill or performance. Mentoring is the broader, longer-term relationship in which a more experienced person guides another's development.
Question 22NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
What is the purpose of the follow-up stage of counseling?
- To reopen the session and restate the original plan of action
- To notify the commander of the outcome
- To check the Soldier's progress and need for more help Correct answer.
- To record the session in the Soldier's file
Explanation
Follow-up determines whether the Soldier is progressing toward the agreed goal and whether further counseling or referral is needed. Without it, the plan of action is never verified.
Question 23NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which setting is most appropriate for a counseling session?
- A hallway outside the orderly room
- A private area free from interruptions Correct answer.
- The commander's office with the door open
- The squad bay during physical training
Explanation
Counseling should occur where the Soldier can speak freely without being overheard and where the session will not be interrupted. Privacy supports candor and protects the Soldier's dignity.
Question 24NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which best describes the NCO's responsibility for developing subordinates?
- Growing Soldiers through training and coaching Correct answer.
- Delegating all development to the unit training NCO
- Focusing development on Soldiers slated for promotion
- Limiting feedback to scheduled evaluation periods
Explanation
NCOs develop Soldiers continuously through training, coaching, counseling, and mentoring, and they give feedback as performance occurs. Development is not delegated wholesale or reserved for a select few.
Question 25NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
During a counseling session a Soldier becomes angry and raises their voice. What is the most appropriate counselor response?
- Ignore the outburst and read the plan aloud
- End the session and recommend UCMJ action
- Remain calm and refocus the Soldier on the issue Correct answer.
- Match the Soldier's tone to keep control of the session
Explanation
Emotional outbursts are handled by staying calm, allowing the Soldier to be heard, and steering the discussion back to the problem and its solution. Escalating or ignoring the emotion prevents productive counseling.
Question 26NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which statement describes the directive approach to counseling?
- The counselor avoids discussing the Soldier's performance and focuses on career goals.
- The counselor lets the Soldier choose the course of action with minimal NCO input.
- The counselor leads the discussion and gives the Soldier specific direction. Correct answer.
- The counselor and the Soldier share responsibility equally for identifying solutions.
Explanation
In the directive approach the counselor takes the lead, identifies the problem, and provides clear recommendations or direction for the Soldier to follow. It is generally used when time is short or the Soldier lacks the experience to solve the problem alone. Nondirective and combined are the two other counseling approaches.
Question 27NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
During counseling, an NCO and a Soldier agree that the Soldier will improve accountability. Which action makes the resulting plan of action most effective?
- It is written by the NCO alone and handed to the Soldier as the session ends.
- It is kept verbal so the Soldier does not feel pressured by documentation.
- It states specific, observable actions with a deadline and a way to measure progress. Correct answer.
- It lists broad goals so the Soldier has flexibility in how to meet the standard.
Explanation
An effective plan of action is developed with the Soldier and is specific, observable, measurable, and time-bound, so both parties can later judge whether progress occurred. Vague goals, a one-sided plan, or no written record make follow-up and accountability difficult.
Question 28NCO Leadership, Counseling, and Development
Which statement best distinguishes formal counseling from the routine feedback an NCO gives during daily operations?
- Formal counseling is conducted only by senior NCOs, while routine feedback is given only by team leaders.
- Formal counseling occurs only after a violation of standards, while routine feedback covers every other situation.
- Formal counseling is planned and documented, while routine feedback is immediate and informal. Correct answer.
- Formal counseling addresses only a Soldier's personal problems, while routine feedback addresses only duty performance.
Explanation
Counseling is a planned, purposeful process, normally documented with a plan of action; day-to-day feedback is on-the-spot, informal, and often unrecorded. Both are leadership responsibilities that reinforce each other rather than belonging to particular ranks or situations.
Question 29Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
Which list correctly names all seven Army Values?
- Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, Personal Courage Correct answer.
- Loyalty, Discipline, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, Personal Courage
- Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Honesty, Personal Courage
- Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, Physical Courage
Explanation
The seven Army Values are remembered by the acronym LDRSHIP: Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage. The list is fixed, so substituting a similar-sounding trait for any of the seven produces an incorrect answer.
Question 30Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
The Army Value of Loyalty is defined as:
- Live up to the Army Values at all times, both on duty and in your personal life.
- Place the welfare of the mission, the Army, and your subordinates ahead of your own needs and interests.
- Bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution, the Army, your unit, and other Soldiers. Correct answer.
- Fulfill your professional and personal obligations, including the duties of your position.
Explanation
Loyalty means bearing true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit, and other Soldiers. The obligation begins with the Constitution rather than with personal allegiance to a leader or a peer group.
Question 31Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
Which Army Value calls on Soldiers to put the welfare of the nation, the Army, and their subordinates before their own?
- Selfless Service Correct answer.
- Duty
- Loyalty
- Honor
Explanation
Selfless Service is defined as putting the welfare of the nation, the Army, and subordinates before your own. It is measured by what a Soldier gives to others rather than by what the Soldier gains.
Question 32Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
Which statement expresses the Army Value of Integrity?
- Put the welfare of the nation and of subordinates before your own.
- Bear true faith and allegiance to the unit and to other Soldiers.
- Do what is right, legally and morally. Correct answer.
- Face fear, danger, or adversity, whether physical or moral.
Explanation
Integrity is doing what is right, legally and morally, and it is the value that makes a Soldier trustworthy when no one is watching. It is built over time through consistent, honest choices.
Question 33Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
A Soldier in uniform walking outdoors sees an officer approaching. What is the correct action?
- Come to attention and remain silent until the officer speaks.
- Salute only when the officer is senior in grade to the Soldier's unit commander.
- Wait for the officer to salute first, then return it.
- Render a salute and give the appropriate greeting of the day. Correct answer.
Explanation
Outdoors, a Soldier in uniform salutes an officer and offers the greeting of the day, and the junior person renders the salute first. The officer returns the salute and each continues on the way.
Question 34Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
What is the correct spoken greeting of the day when addressing a lieutenant colonel?
- Good morning, Commander.
- Good morning, Lieutenant Colonel.
- Good morning, Colonel. Correct answer.
- Good morning, Major.
Explanation
Officers in the grades of lieutenant colonel and colonel are addressed and greeted as 'Colonel.' The full grade appears in written correspondence, but the spoken greeting drops 'lieutenant.'
Question 35Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
What is the official title of the Army Song?
- The Caisson Song
- The Stars and Stripes Forever
- The Army Goes Rolling Along Correct answer.
- Semper Fidelis
Explanation
The official Army Song is 'The Army Goes Rolling Along,' designated in 1956. Its melody was adapted from the field artillery tune 'The Caisson Song,' but the official title differs from that tune.
Question 36Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
A Soldier receives a lawful order to complete a task the Soldier believes is unnecessary. Applying the Army Value of Duty, the Soldier should:
- Refuse the order and explain the reasoning to the other members of the team.
- Ask another Soldier in the section to complete the task instead.
- Complete the task, then raise the concern through the chain of command. Correct answer.
- Complete only those parts of the task that appear useful to the unit's mission.
Explanation
Duty means fulfilling obligations, including lawful orders, to standard even when a task seems unnecessary. Disagreement is raised through the chain of command after the obligation is met, not by refusing, partially complying, or shifting the task to someone else.
Question 37Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
Which statement about saluting indoors is correct for a Soldier in uniform?
- A Soldier never salutes indoors under any circumstances.
- A Soldier salutes indoors only when the officer holds the grade of general officer.
- A Soldier does not salute indoors except when reporting or under arms. Correct answer.
- A Soldier salutes every officer encountered indoors.
Explanation
The salute is normally an outdoor courtesy; indoors it is reserved for reporting to an officer and for Soldiers under arms. Those exceptions exist because the situations call for a formal military greeting.
Question 38Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
What is the proper procedure for a Soldier reporting to an officer indoors?
- Stand at parade rest until the officer speaks first.
- Salute and state name and the purpose of the report. Correct answer.
- Wait outside the office until the officer calls the Soldier by name.
- Offer a handshake and take the nearest available seat.
Explanation
When reporting, the Soldier knocks, enters, salutes, and reports by giving name and purpose, for example 'Sir, Private Jones reports as ordered.' The officer returns the salute and the Soldier continues as directed.
Question 39Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
A Soldier uses a government-issued computer during duty hours to run a personal side business. Under Army ethics rules, this is:
- Acceptable if the work is done during the Soldier's lunch break.
- Acceptable if the Soldier's supervisor approves it in writing.
- A misuse of government resources and prohibited. Correct answer.
- Acceptable because the activity costs the government nothing extra.
Explanation
Government property, including computers and duty time, may be used only for official purposes. Running personal business on government equipment is a misuse of government resources regardless of the hour or the cost.
Question 40Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
A Soldier lies to the commander to keep a teammate from being punished for misconduct. How should this be judged under the Army Values?
- It is wrong, because integrity requires honesty even when it is costly. Correct answer.
- It is acceptable if the chain of command approves the statement.
- It is acceptable if the teammate's misconduct was minor.
- It is correct, because loyalty to a teammate outweighs the other values.
Explanation
Integrity requires honesty regardless of the personal or unit cost, and Loyalty never justifies a false statement. Loyalty to a teammate is properly shown by helping that Soldier face the consequences honestly.
Question 41Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
When 'Retreat' is played outdoors, what should a Soldier in uniform do?
- Come to attention, face the flag, and render the hand salute. Correct answer.
- Kneel and remain in that position until the music ends.
- Continue walking, but remove headgear until the music ends.
- Remain at attention facing away from the flag until the music stops.
Explanation
Retreat marks the end of the duty day, and Soldiers outdoors in uniform come to attention, face the national flag, and salute during the music. If the flag is not visible, they face the direction of the music.
Question 42Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
The national anthem is played at an indoor ceremony and no flag is displayed. Soldiers in uniform should:
- Remain seated if the ceremony is informal.
- Salute toward the source of the music.
- Stand at attention. Correct answer.
- Face the nearest exit until the music ends.
Explanation
When the anthem is played indoors and the national flag is not displayed, those present stand at attention. The hand salute is rendered outdoors or when the national flag is displayed.
Question 43Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
A Soldier sees a teammate carrying unit equipment to a personal vehicle. Which action best reflects the Army Values?
- Publicly confront the teammate and take the equipment back alone.
- Ignore the behavior in order to protect unit cohesion.
- Wait to see whether the equipment is returned before acting.
- Report the misconduct through the chain of command. Correct answer.
Explanation
Integrity and duty require a Soldier to report suspected misconduct through the chain of command so it can be properly investigated. Silence condones the conduct, and self-help confrontations risk escalation while bypassing the reporting process.
Question 44Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
How do customs of the service differ from military courtesies?
- Customs are optional social habits that have no bearing on discipline or readiness.
- Customs are long-established practices that carry the force of tradition. Correct answer.
- Customs are ceremonies that are performed only at formal parades and reviews.
- Customs are rules that are published only in Army regulations and field manuals.
Explanation
Customs of the service are long-standing practices that function as unwritten law for the military and are enforced much like written regulations. Courtesies are the individual acts of politeness, such as saluting and addressing by grade, that flow from those customs.
Question 45Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
The Oath of Enlistment obligates a Soldier to obey the orders of which authorities?
- The Soldier's immediate commander and first sergeant only
- The President and the officers appointed over the Soldier Correct answer.
- Congress and the state governors
- The Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington
Explanation
The oath commits the Soldier to obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over the Soldier, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
Question 46Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
After filing a complaint, a Soldier is assigned demeaning extra duties by the supervisor named in the complaint. This action is:
- Acceptable leadership if the duties are within regulation.
- A matter of command discretion with no ethical dimension.
- Reprisal, which is prohibited by Army policy. Correct answer.
- Permitted whenever the commander concurs with the assignment.
Explanation
Retaliating against a Soldier for making a protected complaint is reprisal, and Army policy prohibits it. Leaders may still enforce standards, but adverse action taken because of the complaint is unlawful.
Question 47Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
Which Code of Conduct article requires a captured Soldier to continue to resist and to make every effort to escape?
- Article IV
- Article V
- Article III Correct answer.
- Article II
Explanation
Article III states that a captured Soldier will continue to resist by all means available and will make every effort to escape and to help others escape. Article II covers never surrendering while there is a means to resist, Article IV covers the chain of command in captivity, and Article V covers the information a Soldier may give.
Question 48Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
Under the Joint Ethics Regulation, an Army employee may accept a gift from an outside source that is not a prohibited source only if its value does not exceed:
- $10 per occasion and $25 per year
- $50 per occasion and $100 per year
- $20 per occasion and $50 per year Correct answer.
- $100 per occasion and $250 per year
Explanation
The Joint Ethics Regulation permits acceptance of a gift from an outside source worth $20 or less per occasion, with no more than $50 from any one source in a calendar year, and never in cash. Gifts from prohibited sources, such as subordinates or contractors, do not fall under this exception.
Question 49Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
Which situation excuses a Soldier in uniform from rendering the hand salute?
- The Soldier is junior in grade to the officer who is approaching.
- The Soldier is carrying articles in both hands. Correct answer.
- The Soldier is running late for an appointment and cannot stop.
- The Soldier is more than ten feet away from the approaching officer.
Explanation
Army custom excuses the salute when a Soldier is carrying articles in both hands or is otherwise so occupied that saluting is impracticable. In those cases the Soldier still offers the appropriate verbal greeting when possible.
Question 50Army Values, Ethics, Customs, and Courtesies
An officer begins a dating relationship with an enlisted Soldier assigned to a different company. Under Army policy, this relationship is:
- Permitted, because the Soldiers are assigned to different companies.
- Prohibited, because such relationships undermine good order and discipline. Correct answer.
- Permitted once the officer notifies the battalion commander in writing and receives approval.
- Permitted only if the enlisted Soldier initiated the relationship.
Explanation
Army policy prohibits personal relationships between officers and enlisted Soldiers that are unduly familiar, that do not respect grade differences, and that are prejudicial to good order and discipline. Assignment to separate companies does not make such a relationship acceptable.