Land Navigation, Field Craft, and Tactics
Terrain and maps
Five major terrain features: hill, valley, ridge, saddle, depression. Three minor: draw, spur, cliff. Map colors: black for cultural and manmade detail, blue for water, green for vegetation, brown for contours, red for principal roads and boundaries. Read the marginal information before plotting anything.
Coordinates
MGRS: a four-digit grid is accurate to 1,000 meters, six-digit to 100 meters, eight-digit to 10 meters, ten-digit to one meter. Use the protractor scale that matches the map scale, and always read right, then up.
Compass
A lensatic compass has three parts - base, cover, and lens. It reads in degrees and in mils; a full circle is 6,400 mils. The declination diagram shows grid north, magnetic north, and true north, and the grid-magnetic angle converts a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth for use on the ground. Know your pace count for 100 meters in daylight and in darkness.
Field craft and tactics
Camouflage discipline targets shape, shadow, shine, silhouette, sound, movement, and smell. Individual movement uses the low crawl, high crawl, and short rushes. Tactics questions turn on METT-TC, OAKOC, the eight troop-leading procedures, and the five OPORD paragraphs: situation, mission, execution, sustainment, command and signal.
Traps
Plotting up then right; confusing grid north with magnetic north; using the wrong protractor scale; forgetting to convert an azimuth before walking it.
Rule of thumb
Right and up - easting before northing - then sanity-check the plotted point against terrain you can actually see.