Infection Prevention and Control
Core Concepts
Infection prevention and control (IPC) is foundational to safe dental practice. Candidates must understand the chain of infection, standard precautions, and transmission-based precautions. Key concepts include hand hygiene (WHO 5 Moments), use of personal protective equipment (PPE), safe handling of sharps, cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, sterilization of reusable instruments, and waste management. Knowledge of autoclave validation (e.g., Bowie-Dick test, biological indicators) and waterline management is essential.
Common Traps
Questions often test the distinction between cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization. Remember: cleaning removes organic matter; disinfection reduces pathogens but may not kill spores; sterilization kills all microorganisms including spores. Another trap is the correct sequence of donning and doffing PPE. Also, be clear on which items are single-use versus reusable, and the correct method for dealing with a sharps injury or bloodborne exposure.
Worked Example / Rule of Thumb
A common scenario: a contaminated instrument is dropped on the floor. The correct action is to clean it with detergent and water, then sterilize it; do not simply wipe with alcohol. Rule of thumb: if an item enters sterile tissue or the vascular system, it must be sterile. For semicritical items (e.g., mouth mirrors), high-level disinfection or sterilization is required.