Shampooing, Conditioning and Scalp and Hair Treatments
Purpose and technique
Shampooing removes sebum, product build-up and environmental soil. Conditioning restores smoothness, reduces friction and improves manageability by depositing conditioning agents on the cuticle. Correct technique protects both client comfort and the hair: seat the client comfortably, support the neck at the basin, test water temperature on your wrist, wet thoroughly, dilute shampoo, massage with fingertips (never nails), rinse completely and blot rather than rub.
Product knowledge
- Shampoos: clarifying (removes build-up), moisturising, volumising, sulphate-free for colour-treated or sensitive scalps, anti-dandruff with active ingredients.
- Conditioners: surface conditioners vs deep or protein treatments; leave-in vs rinse-out.
- Scalp treatments: massage improves circulation; medicated products follow manufacturer directions and may need medical referral.
Scalp and hair conditions
Recognise what is normal to treat and what must be referred. Dandruff and dry scalp may respond to salon treatments. Persistent redness, broken skin, weeping, ringworm-like patches, lice or sudden hair loss should be referred to a pharmacist or doctor. Never diagnose.
Traps in questions
Do not scratch the scalp, use hot water, or apply conditioner to the roots when the goal is volume. Remember that conditioner is applied mid-lengths to ends first. A common trap is assuming a treatment repairs hair permanently; it improves manageability and temporarily fills gaps in the cuticle.
Rule of thumb
Rinse until the water runs clear, then rinse again. Residual product dulls hair and irritates scalps.