NAPLAN flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Narrative orientation
- The opening of a story that establishes characters, setting, and time, giving the reader context before the complication begins.
- Thesis statement
- A single sentence in a persuasive introduction that states the main argument or position the writer will defend.
- Cohesion
- The use of linking words, pronouns, and repeated terms to connect ideas smoothly across sentences and paragraphs.
- Compound sentence
- A sentence made of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or so.
- Complex sentence
- A sentence containing one independent clause and at least one dependent clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction like because or although.
- Show, don't tell
- A writing technique that uses actions, dialogue, and sensory details to reveal feelings instead of stating them directly.
- Audience and purpose
- The intended reader and the reason for writing, which together determine tone, vocabulary, and text structure.
- Editing checklist
- A set of checks for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and sentence boundaries applied after drafting to improve accuracy.
- Main idea
- The central point of a paragraph or text, often stated in a topic sentence or inferred from repeated details.
- Inference
- A conclusion drawn by combining clues in the text with the reader's background knowledge when the answer is not stated directly.
- Author's purpose
- The reason an author writes a text, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, or instruct, revealed by language and structure.
- Text structure
- The organisational pattern of a text, such as chronological, cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution, or description.
- Fact versus opinion
- A fact can be verified by evidence, while an opinion expresses a belief or judgement using evaluative words.
- Context clue
- A word or phrase near an unfamiliar word that helps readers work out its meaning through definition, example, or contrast.
- Summarising
- Condensing a text by stating its key ideas and essential supporting details while leaving out minor examples.
- Bias
- An unfair preference or slant in a text, shown by selective evidence, loaded language, or omission of opposing views.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The rule that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb, ignoring interrupting phrases.
- Tense consistency
- Keeping the same verb tense throughout a sentence or paragraph unless a change in time is clearly signalled.
- Pronoun agreement
- A pronoun must match its antecedent in number and gender, and its reference must be clear to the reader.
- Comma splice
- An error where two independent clauses are joined only by a comma without a coordinating conjunction.
- Apostrophe for possession
- An apostrophe shows ownership: singular nouns add 's, plural nouns ending in s add only an apostrophe.
- Homophone
- A word that sounds the same as another but has different spelling and meaning, such as their, there, and they're.
- Prefix and suffix
- A prefix is added to the beginning of a word and a suffix to the end, each changing meaning or word class.
- Direct speech punctuation
- Quotation marks enclose a speaker's exact words, with punctuation inside the marks and a new paragraph for each speaker.
- Order of operations
- The sequence for evaluating expressions: brackets, orders, division and multiplication, then addition and subtraction, left to right.
- Equivalent fractions
- Fractions that represent the same value, created by multiplying or dividing numerator and denominator by the same number.
- Percentage of a quantity
- Calculated by dividing the percentage by 100 and multiplying by the quantity, for example 20% of 50 is 10.
- Simplifying ratios
- Dividing both parts of a ratio by their highest common factor to express it in lowest whole-number terms.
- Area of a triangle
- Half the base multiplied by the perpendicular height, written as A = ½ × b × h.
- Circle formulas
- Circumference equals 2πr and area equals πr², where r is the radius of the circle.
- Mean, median, mode
- The mean is the sum divided by the count, the median is the middle ordered value, and the mode is the most frequent value.
- Probability formula
- The probability of an event equals the number of favourable outcomes divided by the total number of equally likely outcomes.