HSC Hungarian Continuers flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Első szótag hangsúly

In Hungarian the primary stress always falls on the first syllable of a word, regardless of length. Suffixes never shift it, so listening for stress helps segment rapid speech into words.

Magázás versus tegezés

Magázás uses ön or maga with third-person verb forms, as in Ön mit gondol? Tegezés uses te with second-person forms, as in Mit gondolsz? The choice signals social distance and formality.

Ellentét jelző kötőszók

Words such as viszont, azonban and ellenben introduce a contrast with what was just said. In listening tasks the answer to a question about changed plans or opinions usually follows one of these markers.

Számnevek a hallásban

Speakers often correct numbers, prices and times mid-sentence, for example nyolckor - nem, fél kilenckor. The later, corrected value is the one to record, not the first number heard.

Nyelvtani nem hiánya

Hungarian has no grammatical gender and one pronoun ő covers he and she. Only the verb ending and context show who acts, so tracking participants depends on endings like -ok, -ja and -nak.

Kérdőszó és válaszforma

The question word fixes the answer type: miért needs a mert clause, hogyan needs a manner phrase, mikor needs a time expression, ki needs a person. Matching the form earns the mark even with simple vocabulary.

Ő versus ők

The singular pronoun ő means he or she, and ők means they. Because verbs already mark person, these pronouns appear mainly for emphasis or contrast, as in Ő jön, nem én.

Hirdetés olvasása

An advertisement is read by scanning for four items: what is offered, where, when, and the price or contact. Answers to reading questions on hirdetés are usually these concrete details, not opinions.

Helyhatározó ragok

The suffixes -ban/-ben mean in, -ba/-be mean into, and -ból/-ből mean out of. Direction and location are distinguished only by these endings, so misreading one changes the meaning of the sentence.

Névutók használata

Postpositions such as mellett, előtt, után and alatt follow a bare noun and take no case ending on that noun: a ház mellett. They often pair with a possessive suffix on the noun.

Igekötő elválása

Verbal prefixes like meg-, el-, be- and ki- separate from the verb in questions and negation: Mikor jön meg? and Nem jön meg. A separated prefix also marks focus in the sentence.

Határozott ragozás

Definite conjugation appears with a definite object: olvasom a könyvet. Indefinite conjugation appears with an indefinite object: olvasok egy könyvet. The ending -ja/-i versus -ok/-ek signals which is used.

Szórend és fókusz

Hungarian order is topic, focus, verb, then the rest. The element directly before the verb carries the focus, so Péter olvassa a könyvet and A könyvet olvassa Péter answer different questions.

Következtető kérdések

Inference items are answered by locating the exact sentence in the text and choosing the option that restates it. Any option adding information absent from the passage is wrong, however plausible it sounds.

Magyar szólások

Idioms are read figuratively: kéznél van means it is at hand, szemet huny means turns a blind eye, and felkopik az álla means goes hungry. Literal translation produces wrong answers in reading tasks.

Szövegtípus felismerése

Text type guides the questions: a levél asks who writes to whom and why, a cikk asks fact plus opinion, a hirdetés asks practical details. Identifying type first directs the scanning strategy.

Birtokos személyrag

Possessive suffixes attach to the noun: házam, házad, háza, házunk, házatok, házuk. They also appear after postpositions and on the noun before a postposition, as in a ház mellett.

Baráti levél szerkezete

An informal letter opens with Kedves followed by a first name and an exclamation mark, uses te forms throughout, and closes with Üdvözlettel or Szeretettel plus a signature.

Hivatalos levél formulái

A formal letter opens with Tisztelt and a name or title, uses ön forms and conditional requests such as Szeretném megkérdezni and Lenne szíves, and closes with Tisztelettel.

Dátum írásmódja

Hungarian dates run year, month, day, each followed by a period: 2024. március 15. In letters the place and date stand at the top right, as in Budapest, 2024. március 15.

Múlt idő képzése

The past tense adds person endings to a -t or -tt stem: írtam, írtál, írt, írtunk, írtatok, írtak. The verb volt supplies past meaning in nominal sentences lacking another verb.

Jövő idő kifejezése

Future meaning usually comes from present tense plus a time word, as in holnap megyek. The construction fog plus infinitive stresses intention or a firm plan, as in meg fogom csinálni.

Szövegkohézió eszközei

Connectors link sentences and paragraphs: először, azután, végül order events; azonban contrasts; ezért gives reason; például introduces examples; tehát concludes. Each paragraph needs at least one.

Szószám és regiszter

The required length must be met within roughly ten percent. Register must stay consistent: mixing te and ön forms in one text is treated as an error even when the grammar is otherwise correct.

Összetett szavak számlálása

Compound words written as a single word, such as iskolatáska or vonatállomás, count as one word. Accented letters are letters, not separate words, so they do not affect the count.

Levél nyitó és záró formulái

Informal openings use Kedves plus first name; formal ones use Tisztelt plus family name or title. Closings pair with register: Szeretettel and Üdvözlettel for friends, Tisztelettel for officials.

Véleménynyilvánítás kifejezései

Opinion phrases include szerintem, véleményem szerint, úgy gondolom, hogy and számomra. Using several different ones in a monologue shows range and avoids repeating one formula.

Beszéd közbeni töltelékszavak

Natural fillers are hát, nos, szóval, tulajdonképpen and igazából. They buy thinking time without breaking fluency. English fillers such as well or like are penalised in a Hungarian oral assessment.

Magánhangzó-harmónia

Suffix choice follows the last vowel of the stem. Back-vowel words take -ban, -hoz, -nak; front-vowel words take -ben, -hez, -nek; front rounded vowels take -höz and -nek with rounded forms.

Mondat hangsúlyozása

Stress falls on the first syllable of each word, and sentence stress falls on the focus before the verb. Long vowels á, é, í, ó, ő, ú, ű are held roughly twice as long as their short pairs.

Társalgás kezdeményezése

In the conversation task, answering alone limits the mark. After each reply, ask a reciprocal question such as És te? or Ön hogyan gondolja? to show interactive control and keep the exchange going.

Szerepjáték célja

A role-play card gives a situation, a register and a goal. The goal counts as met only when the required information has actually been exchanged, so state it clearly before ending the dialogue.

Mássalhangzók kiejtése

Hungarian spelling is regular: s is pronounced sh, sz is s, cs is ch, zs is the zh in measure, and gy is a soft palatal sound. Applying English values to these letters causes mispronunciation.