HSC Korean and Literature (NSW) flashcards
HSC Korean and Literature (NSW) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Hyangga
- Silla-era Korean songs recorded in idu, using hanja for sound and meaning. Twenty-five survive, chiefly in the Samguk Yusa; 제망매가 by 월명사 mourns a sister.
- Sijo syllable count
- A three-line fixed form: 초장 and 중장 of three or four feet each, and 종장 of three feet. The standard total is about forty-five syllables.
- Pansori
- Korean narrative sung storytelling with a 소리꾼 and a 고수 drummer. Five madang survive: 춘향가, 심청가, 흥보가, 수궁가, 적벽가. UNESCO-listed in 2003.
- Han
- A Korean cultural concept of accumulated grief, resentment and unresolved longing, often used to interpret separation songs, pansori and modern fiction about loss.
- Gasa
- A Joseon-era long narrative or didactic poem with unconstrained line length, distinct from the fixed sijo. Examples include 정철's 관동별곡 and 사미인곡.
- 무정
- A 1917 novel by 이광수, widely cited as the first modern Korean novel; it treats free love, education and enlightenment against traditional Confucian marriage.
- 운수 좋은 날
- A 1924 short story by 현진건 depicting a rickshaw puller's day of apparent good luck that ends in his wife's death, exposing colonial poverty.
- Goryeo gayo
- Anonymous vernacular songs of the Goryeo period, such as 청산별곡 and 가시리, featuring refrains and themes of separation, longing or escape from the world.
- Formal polite ending
- The -ㅂ니다/습니다 verb ending used in formal speech and writing such as reports, news and letters to strangers; it must stay consistent within one text.
- Informal polite ending
- The -아요/어요 ending used in everyday polite conversation and informal writing; it is less formal than -ㅂ니다 but still respectful to the listener.
- 으-irregular verbs
- Verbs whose stem vowel ㅡ drops before -아/어: 쓰다 becomes 써요, 크다 becomes 커요, and 바쁘다 becomes 바빠요 in the polite form.
- ㅂ-irregular verbs
- Stems ending in ㅂ change to 우 before vowel endings: 춥다 becomes 추워요 and 어렵다 becomes 어려워요, but 돕다 becomes 도와요.
- ㄷ-irregular verbs
- Stems ending in ㄷ change to ㄹ before a vowel ending: 듣다 becomes 들어요, 걷다 becomes 걸어요, but 받다 stays regular as 받아요.
- Korean word order
- Korean clauses follow Subject–Object–Verb order, with the predicate last. Particles mark grammatical roles, so word order can shift for emphasis.
- Particles 은/는
- Topic or contrast markers attached after a noun. 은 follows consonants and 는 follows vowels; they contrast with the subject markers 이/가.
- Spacing rules
- Korean 띄어쓰기 attaches particles to the preceding word, as in 학교에서, while most auxiliary verbs and nouns are separated, as in 먹고 싶다 and 할 수 있다.
- Essay structure
- Formal Korean writing follows 서론 for topic and thesis, 본론 for evidence and examples, and 결론 for restatement and closing, linked by cohesive connectives.
- 르-irregular verbs
- Stems ending in 르 double the ㄹ and add 라/러: 모르다 becomes 몰라요, 빠르다 becomes 빨라요, and 부르다 becomes 불러요.
- Nasalisation
- When ㄱ, ㄷ or ㅂ meets ㄴ or ㅁ, the sound becomes ㅇ, ㄴ or ㅁ: 국물 is pronounced 궁물 and 닫는 is pronounced 단는.
- Resyllabification
- A final consonant moves to the next syllable when followed by a vowel: 한국어 is heard as 한구거 and 같이 as 가치, changing the sound shape.
- Tense consonants
- The fortis series ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ is produced with glottal tension and no aspiration, contrasting with both plain and aspirated stops in minimal pairs.
- Aspirated consonants
- The series ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅊ is released with a strong puff of air, distinguishing it from the plain series ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅈ in listening tasks.
- Korean intonation
- Korean lacks lexical stress; a rising final pitch marks a question and a falling pitch marks a statement, so final contour reveals the speaker's intent.
- Native Korean numbers
- The set 하나, 둘, 셋, 넷 and so on, used with counters for items and for ages, as distinct from Sino-Korean numbers used for dates and money.
- Sino-Korean numbers
- The set 일, 이, 삼, 사 and so on, used for dates, money, phone numbers and minutes, and combined with counters in formal or commercial contexts.
- Register markers
- Verb endings that signal the speaker–listener relationship: 습니다 for formal polite, 해요 for informal polite, 해 for intimate, and 하오 for archaic literary style.
- Text-type markers
- Layout cues identify a Korean text: headlines and datelines for 기사, prices and imperatives for 광고, numbered steps for 안내문, and greetings for 편지.
- Purpose verbs
- Words that name a writer's aim: 알리다 informs, 권하다 recommends, 주장하다 argues, 비판하다 criticises, and 설득하다 persuades; they answer purpose questions.
- Connective -지만
- A clause-linking ending meaning 'but' or 'although'. It marks contrast, so the following clause reverses or qualifies the expectation set by the first.
- Hearsay -다고 하다
- A reported-speech pattern attaching to a quoted statement, as in 간다고 했어요, meaning 'said that someone goes'; it marks information from another source.
- Inference -나 보다
- A pattern meaning 'it seems' or 'apparently', used when the speaker infers a fact from observed evidence, as in 비가 오나 봐요.
- Honorific -시-
- An infix placed in the verb to elevate the subject, as in 선생님이 오셨어요. Its absence with a senior subject can signal intimacy or deliberate rudeness.