HSC Punjabi Continuers flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Listening section language

In the HSC Punjabi Continuers listening task, questions are printed in English and answers are written in English; marks reward comprehension of content, not Punjabi transcription.

Gist versus detail questions

Gist items ask for topic, setting, or speaker relationship and are answered from opening exchanges; detail items ask for specific facts found later in the spoken text.

ਤੂੰ versus ਤੁਸੀਂ

ਤੂੰ is singular and informal, used with close friends, children, or family; ਤੁਸੀਂ is plural or formal, used with adults, strangers, and in polite contexts.

Contrast markers in listening

Words such as ਪਰ and ਲੇਕਿਨ mean 'but' and often introduce a correction or change of plan; the final stated position, not the first, is usually the correct answer.

Number distractors

Spoken items often mention several prices, times, or dates; the correct figure is usually confirmed, repeated, or corrected after a contrast marker rather than stated first.

Rising intonation cue

A rising tone, often with ਕੀ at the start, marks a yes/no question; a falling tone after a statement signals confirmation, decision, or end of the point.

Predicting vocabulary before listening

Skimming the questions during the pause lets you anticipate the semantic field (travel, health, work) and listen for synonyms rather than exact Punjabi wording.

Table and note completion

These listening items present a grid or set of notes with gaps; the number of gaps and column headings indicate how many details and what type of information to record.

Answering in English

Responses must be paraphrased in English; copying an untranslated Punjabi phrase or giving a single word without the required detail usually earns no marks.

Speaker relationship cues

Pronoun choice, terms of address (ਮਾਤਾ ਜੀ, ਦੋਸਤ), and vocatives reveal whether speakers are family, colleagues, or strangers, which is a common listening question.

Reading text types

Reading passages include notices, advertisements, personal letters, emails, blogs, and short articles; each type has a predictable layout and purpose that helps locate answers.

Gurmukhi inherent vowel

Each Gurmukhi consonant carries an inherent short 'a' sound unless a vowel sign modifies it or a halant-style mark suppresses it; ignoring this changes pronunciation and meaning.

Kanna and sihari

ਕੰਨਾ (ā) is a vertical stroke after a consonant giving a long 'aa'; ਸਿਹਾਰੀ (i) is a short stroke before or above giving a short 'i' sound.

Bihari and aunkarh

ਬਿਹਾਰੀ (ī) gives a long 'ee' sound written after the consonant; ਔਂਕੜ (u) is a small curl below giving a short 'u' sound.

Dulainkarh and lavan

ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ (ū) gives a long 'oo' sound; ਲਾਂਵ (e) is a stroke above and after the consonant giving a short 'e' sound.

Dulavan and hora

ਦੁਲਾਵਾਂ (ai) gives an 'ai' sound; ਹੋੜਾ (o) is placed after the consonant and gives an 'o' sound in Gurmukhi spelling.

Kanaura and nasal marks

ਕਨੌੜਾ (au) gives an 'au' sound; ਟਿੱਪੀ and ਬਿੰਦੀ mark nasalisation, and adding or omitting them can change a word's meaning.

Addak doubling

The addak (ੱ) placed before a consonant doubles that consonant, as in ਪੱਕਾ; omitting it changes both pronunciation and the written form of the word.

Pairin conjuncts

A pairīṅ (subscript form) joins two consonants without an intervening vowel, as in ਸ੍ਕੂਲ-type clusters; misreading it as a separate syllable distorts meaning.

Inference questions in reading

Inference items ask about attitude, implied purpose, or unstated conclusion; the answer must be supported by a detail paraphrased or quoted from the passage.

Purpose and audience questions

These ask why a text was written and for whom; evidence comes from format, register (ਤੁਸੀਂ versus ਤੂੰ), headings, and the presence of contact or date details.

Vocabulary in context

When asked for the meaning of a Punjabi word, select the English sense that fits the surrounding sentence rather than the most frequent dictionary meaning.

Notice structure

A Punjabi notice typically has a heading, a short body stating what, when, and where, a date, and the name of the issuing person or organisation.

Formal letter frame

Formal Punjabi letters open with a respectful address such as ਸਤਿਕਾਰ ਸਹਿਤ, use ਤੁਸੀਂ forms throughout, and close with ਧੰਨਵਾਦ and the writer's name.

Informal letter frame

Informal letters open with ਪਿਆਰੇ or ਪਿਆਰੀ plus the name, use ਤੂੰ forms where appropriate, and close with a warm sign-off and the writer's name.

Writing assessment criteria

Writing is marked on relevance to the task, range and accuracy of vocabulary and grammar, structure and cohesion, and appropriateness of register to audience and purpose.

Past tense markers

Punjabi past habitual and simple past forms use ਸੀ, ਸਨ, or verb forms such as ਗਿਆ/ਗਈ; these signal completed actions and anchor a narrative in the past.

Future tense suffixes

Future forms attach -ਗਾ, -ਗੀ, -ਗੇ, or -ਗੀਆਂ to the verb stem, agreeing in gender and number with the subject, as in ਜਾਵਾਂਗਾ 'I will go'.

Cohesive connectors

Connectors such as ਅਤੇ (and), ਪਰ (but), ਕਿਉਂਕਿ (because), ਇਸ ਲਈ (therefore), and ਫਿਰ (then) link sentences and raise the cohesion score in writing tasks.

Article structure

A Punjabi article needs a title, an opening that states the issue, body paragraphs each with one main point, and a closing that offers an opinion or recommendation.

Message and email register

Short messages to friends use informal pronouns and contractions of address, while emails to institutions use formal greetings, full sentences, and a clear subject line.

Word count and task format

Each writing task specifies a text type and approximate length; meeting the required format (heading, date, sign-off) and staying within the word range affects the mark.