Computer Graphics and Design
Core Concepts
Candidates must understand the elements and principles of design, color theory, typography, image file formats, and digital image fundamentals. The elements include line, shape, form, space, texture, value, and color. The principles include balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity. Color theory covers the color wheel, primary/secondary/tertiary colors, complementary and analogous schemes, and properties such as hue, saturation, and value. Typography involves font categories (serif, sans-serif, script, decorative), kerning, tracking, leading, and alignment. Image formats include raster (JPEG, PNG, GIF) and vector (SVG, AI, EPS), with trade-offs in compression, transparency, and scalability.
Common Traps
Questions often test subtle distinctions. For example, RGB is additive (used for screens) while CMYK is subtractive (used for print). Lossy compression (JPEG) reduces file size by discarding data, whereas lossless (PNG) preserves all data. Resolution (PPI/DPI) affects print quality, not screen size. Design principles like contrast and emphasis are frequently confused; contrast creates visual interest, while emphasis draws attention to a focal point. Also, beware of questions that ask about file formats for specific uses: PNG supports transparency, GIF supports animation and limited colors, JPEG does not support transparency.
Worked Example / Rule of Thumb
A common question: "Which file format is best for a logo that will be scaled to different sizes?" Answer: vector format (e.g., SVG or AI) because it scales without loss of quality. Rule of thumb: Use raster for photographs, vector for logos and illustrations. For print projects, always convert to CMYK and ensure images are at least 300 DPI at final size.