TASC French flashcards
TASC French · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Main Idea
- The central claim or point that an entire passage supports. It is broader than any single detail and is usually stated or implied in the opening or closing sentences.
- Valid Inference
- A conclusion that must follow from evidence stated in the passage. If an answer choice requires outside knowledge or only possibly follows, the inference is invalid.
- Author's Purpose
- The reason a writer produces a text, such as to persuade, inform, entertain, compare, or criticize. Purpose describes intent, while topic describes subject matter.
- Context Vocabulary
- The meaning of a word as determined by surrounding sentences rather than by its most common dictionary sense. Substituting choices into the sentence tests which fits.
- Tone vs Mood
- Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject, such as skeptical or admiring. Mood is the feeling the text creates in the reader, such as tension or calm.
- Fact vs Opinion
- A fact can be verified by evidence, while an opinion expresses judgment or belief. Words like should, best, and seems often signal opinion statements.
- Sentence Fragment
- A group of words punctuated as a sentence but missing a subject, a verb, or a complete thought. Dependent clauses beginning with because or although often create fragments.
- Comma Splice
- Two independent clauses joined only by a comma. Repair it with a semicolon, a comma plus coordinating conjunction, or a period splitting two sentences.
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- The verb must match its subject in number. Prepositional phrases between them do not change the subject, and indefinite pronouns like everyone take singular verbs.
- Dangling Modifier
- An introductory descriptive phrase that does not logically attach to the subject of the main clause, creating an unintended or illogical meaning.
- Parallel Structure
- Items joined by and, or, or not only...but also must share grammatical form. A list should use all nouns, all gerunds, or all infinitives consistently.
- Pronoun Case
- Subject pronouns such as I, he, and they act as subjects, while object pronouns such as me, him, and them follow prepositions or verbs as objects.
- Apostrophe Rules
- Apostrophes mark possession or contraction. Singular possessive adds 's, plural possessive adds s', and it's means it is while its shows possession.
- Percent Change
- The difference between a new and old value divided by the old value, then multiplied by 100. A positive result is an increase and a negative result a decrease.
- Slope Formula
- Slope equals the change in y divided by the change in x between two points. Parallel lines share slope, and perpendicular slopes multiply to negative one.
- Pythagorean Theorem
- In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the two legs equals the square of the hypotenuse, written a squared plus b squared equals c squared.
- Measures of Center
- Mean is the sum divided by the count, median is the middle value of ordered data, and mode is the most frequent value. Outliers shift the mean most.
- Probability of Independent Events
- When two events do not affect each other, the probability both occur equals the product of their individual probabilities.
- Area and Volume Formulas
- Rectangle area is length times width, triangle area is half base times height, circle area is pi times radius squared, and rectangular prism volume is length times width times height.
- Inequality Reversal Rule
- Multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative number reverses the inequality sign. Adding or subtracting never reverses it.
- Exponent Rules
- Multiplying like bases adds exponents, dividing subtracts them, and raising a power to a power multiplies them. Any nonzero base to the zero power equals one.
- Cell Theory
- Three principles state that all living things consist of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.
- Photosynthesis
- Plants use light energy in chloroplasts to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration reverses this process in mitochondria.
- Newton's Second Law
- Force equals mass times acceleration. A larger force produces greater acceleration, and a larger mass produces less acceleration for the same force.
- Atomic Structure
- Protons determine the element's identity, neutrons contribute to mass number, and electrons occupy energy levels and govern chemical bonding.
- pH Scale
- A scale from 0 to 14 where below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic. Each unit represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
- Density
- Density equals mass divided by volume. An object denser than the fluid around it sinks, while a less dense object floats.
- Energy in Food Chains
- Producers capture sunlight, consumers transfer energy up the chain, and roughly 90 percent of energy is lost as heat at each level.
- Three Branches
- The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws. Checks and balances prevent any branch from dominating.
- Bill of Rights
- The first ten amendments to the Constitution protect freedoms such as speech, religion, press, assembly, bearing arms, due process, and powers reserved to states.
- Federalism
- A system dividing power between national and state governments. The Supremacy Clause makes federal law prevail when the two conflict.
- Supply and Demand
- Price rises when demand exceeds supply and falls when supply exceeds demand. Equilibrium is the price where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.