TASC Italian flashcards
TASC Italian · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Main idea
- The central point a passage develops and supports throughout. It is broad enough to cover all paragraphs but specific enough to exclude details the text never argues.
- Inference
- A conclusion the reader draws that the text strongly implies but does not state directly. Valid inferences must be supported by explicit evidence in the passage.
- Author's purpose
- The reason a writer produces a text, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain a process. Structure and word choice usually reveal which purpose dominates.
- Context clue
- Surrounding words or sentences that help a reader determine an unfamiliar word's meaning. Examples include definitions, contrasts, and cause-effect relationships nearby.
- Chronological order
- A text structure that presents events in the order they happened. Signal words include first, next, then, after, and finally.
- Point of view
- The perspective from which a text is told. First person uses I or we; third person uses he, she, or they and may be limited or omniscient.
- Comma splice
- Two independent clauses joined by only a comma. Fix it with a period, a semicolon, or a comma plus a coordinating conjunction.
- Sentence fragment
- A group of words punctuated as a sentence but missing a subject, a complete verb, or an independent clause, so it cannot stand alone.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The rule that a verb must match its subject in number. Prepositional phrases between them do not change the subject's number.
- Parallel structure
- Using the same grammatical form for items in a list, series, or comparison, such as all gerunds, all nouns, or all infinitives.
- Dangling modifier
- A descriptive phrase that does not clearly attach to the noun it is meant to describe, often because the intended noun is missing from the clause.
- Its versus it's
- Its shows possession, as in the dog wagged its tail. It's is a contraction meaning it is or it has.
- Coordinating conjunctions
- The seven words for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. They can join two independent clauses when preceded by a comma.
- Percent change
- The difference between a new and old value divided by the old value, then multiplied by 100. A positive result is an increase.
- Slope formula
- Slope equals the change in y divided by the change in x between two points: (y two minus y one) over (x two minus x one).
- Pythagorean theorem
- In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a squared plus b squared equals c squared.
- Mean, median, mode
- Mean is the sum divided by the count. Median is the middle value of ordered data. Mode is the most frequent value.
- Order of operations
- Evaluate parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right.
- Probability of an event
- The number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of equally likely outcomes, expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percent.
- Circle area and circumference
- Area equals pi times the radius squared. Circumference equals two times pi times the radius, or pi times the diameter.
- Cell theory
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.
- Photosynthesis equation
- Six carbon dioxide molecules plus six water molecules plus light energy produce one glucose molecule and six oxygen molecules inside chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.
- Newton's second law
- Force equals mass times acceleration. A larger force or smaller mass produces greater acceleration for the same object.
- Atomic number
- The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which identifies the element. In a neutral atom it also equals the number of electrons.
- Density
- Mass divided by volume. An object denser than the fluid around it sinks; one less dense than the fluid floats.
- Energy transfer in food chains
- Energy moves from producers to consumers, but only about ten percent passes to the next trophic level; the rest is lost mainly as heat.
- States of matter
- Solids hold a fixed shape and volume, liquids hold fixed volume but flow, and gases expand to fill their container as particle motion increases.
- Separation of powers
- The constitutional division of government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each with distinct functions and the ability to limit the others.
- Bill of Rights
- The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, protecting freedoms such as speech, religion, press, assembly, and fair legal treatment.
- Federalism
- A system dividing power between a national government and state governments, with the Tenth Amendment reserving unlisted powers to the states or the people.
- Supply and demand
- As price rises, quantity demanded generally falls and quantity supplied generally rises; the market settles near the price where the two are equal.
- Push and pull factors
- Push factors, such as war or famine, drive people away from a place. Pull factors, such as jobs or freedom, attract people to a new place.