VCE Health and Human Development flashcards
VCE Health and Human Development · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- WHO health definition
- A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It is idealised because complete wellbeing is rarely achieved.
- Wellbeing dimensions
- Physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions that interact to determine overall health and wellbeing. Each can range from optimal to poor at any time.
- Dynamic health
- The concept that health and wellbeing constantly changes in response to age, illness, environment and circumstances rather than remaining fixed across the lifespan.
- Subjective health
- Health and wellbeing as experienced and judged by the individual. Two people with the same condition may rate their health differently because perceptions differ.
- Illness versus disease
- Disease is a physical or mental disturbance with symptoms or dysfunction, while illness is the subjective experience of that condition by the person.
- Burden of disease
- A measure of the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to old age free of disease and disability.
- DALY
- Disability-adjusted life year, calculated as years of life lost to premature death plus years lived with disability. One DALY equals one lost healthy year.
- Health status
- An individual's or population's overall level of health, measured using indicators such as life expectancy, mortality, morbidity and self-assessed health.
- Life expectancy
- The average number of years a newborn can expect to live if current age-specific death rates remain unchanged throughout their lifetime.
- HALE
- Health-adjusted life expectancy, the average number of years a person can expect to live in full health, removing years lived in poor health.
- Infant mortality rate
- The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year. It reflects health system quality and living conditions.
- Mortality strata
- WHO classification of countries into low, lower-middle, upper-middle and high mortality groups based on child and adult mortality patterns.
- Double burden of disease
- The situation where a country experiences high rates of communicable diseases alongside rising rates of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.
- Communicable disease
- An infectious disease transmitted between people or from animals, vectors or contaminated food and water, such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and diarrhoea.
- Non-communicable disease
- A disease that is not transmitted between people and typically develops slowly, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease.
- Sustainable Development Goals
- Seventeen goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to be achieved by 2030, addressing poverty, health, education, equality and environmental sustainability.
- Medicare
- Australia's universal public health scheme providing free or subsidised treatment by doctors and in public hospitals, funded through taxation and a levy.
- Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
- An Australian government program subsidising the cost of prescription medicines so that essential medications are affordable for all residents.
- Social determinants
- Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, employment, housing and social support that shape health outcomes and explain differences between population groups.
- Biological determinants
- Genetic and physiological factors influencing health, including body weight, blood pressure, birth weight, cholesterol levels and inherited conditions.
- Behavioural determinants
- Actions and choices that affect health, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary patterns, physical activity and sexual behaviour.
- Sociocultural determinants
- Family, peers, media, culture and religion that shape attitudes, beliefs and behaviours related to health and access to health information.
- Environmental determinants
- External surroundings affecting health, including housing quality, workplace safety, air and water quality, and access to health services and infrastructure.
- Ageing population
- A rising proportion of older people in a population due to lower birth rates and longer life expectancy, increasing demand for health and aged care.
- Globalisation
- The increasing integration of economies and societies through trade, investment, technology, migration and communication, affecting the spread of health risks and knowledge.
- Bilateral aid
- Assistance given directly from one government to another, often tied to strategic relationships and priorities of the donor country.
- Multilateral aid
- Assistance channelled through international organisations such as the United Nations, World Bank or WHO, pooling contributions from many countries.
- Non-government organisation aid
- Assistance delivered by independent organisations such as World Vision or Oxfam, often working directly with communities on health, education and livelihood projects.
- Ottawa Charter
- A 1986 health promotion framework with five action areas: healthy public policy, supportive environments, community action, personal skills and reorienting health services.
- Human Development Index
- A composite measure of human development combining life expectancy, education (mean and expected years of schooling) and gross national income per capita.
- Health inequity
- Differences in health status between groups that are avoidable, unfair and unjust, arising from unequal distribution of power, income and resources.
- Emergency aid
- Rapid assistance given in response to crises such as natural disasters, conflict or famine, providing food, shelter, water and medical care.