VCE Indonesian Second Language flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Hearing the text twice

In the listening section the recording is played twice with a pause between playings, so notes from the first hearing can be completed and checked on the second.

Answer language rule

Responses are written in Indonesian unless a question explicitly requests English; using the wrong language forfeits communication marks even when the content is accurate.

Contrast markers in listening

Words such as namun, tetapi, and sebaliknya signal that the speaker is reversing or qualifying an earlier statement, so the later information usually carries the answer.

Corrected numbers

Speakers often revise times, prices, and quantities mid-text; the answer is the corrected figure that follows the revision, not the first figure mentioned.

Question command words

Sebutkan asks for a list, Jelaskan for a reasoned account, Mengapa for a cause, and Bagaimana for a process; the command word determines the shape of a complete answer.

Indonesian c and j

The letter c represents the sound in English 'chair' and j the sound in 'jump', so mishearing these consonants is a common cause of wrong answers in listening.

Main idea versus detail

A main-idea question asks for the overall point or purpose of a text, while a detail question asks for a specific fact; a detail cannot answer a main-idea item.

Inference in listening

An inference item is answered from what the speaker implies rather than states; the correct option paraphrases the implication instead of repeating a phrase from the recording.

meN- and di- verbs

The prefix meN- marks an active transitive verb, while di- marks the corresponding passive; recognising which one appears identifies who performs and who receives the action.

ber- and ter- meanings

ber- describes a state, possession, or activity, while ter- marks an involuntary action or a superlative degree, as in terpaksa and terbaik.

ke-...-an nouns

The circumfix ke-...-an forms abstract nouns from adjectives and verbs, as in keamanan from aman and kebersihan from bersih.

peN-...-an nouns

The circumfix peN-...-an forms nouns naming a process or its result, as in pembangunan from bangun and pengiriman from kirim.

Reduplication meaning

Repeating a noun marks plurality or variety, as in murid-murid and sayur-sayuran, so a reduplicated form should not be read as singular.

Cohesive connectors

Oleh karena itu and dengan demikian introduce conclusions, selain itu adds a point, sebaliknya contrasts, and meskipun demikian concedes; they map the argument's structure.

Text type structures

An iklan gives product and contact details, a pengumuman gives event, time, place, and contact, and a surat pembaca gives a complaint plus a request.

Contextual word meaning

Some Indonesian words carry several senses, such as tinggal meaning reside or remain and bisa meaning can or venom, so the surrounding clause fixes the meaning.

Writer's purpose answers

A purpose question is answered with a verb phrase such as to inform, to persuade, to complain, or to invite, not with a summary of what the text says.

Register by audience

Formal texts to officials use Anda and formal vocabulary, while texts to friends use kamu and informal wording; mixing registers within one text is penalised.

di as preposition or prefix

Written as a separate word, di is a preposition of place, as in di rumah; written joined, it is a passive prefix, as in ditulis and dibuat.

Text format features

Formal letters require place and date, addressee, salutation, body, closing, and signature; omitting the date or salutation counts as a format error.

Sentence linking words

Connectives such as pertama, selanjutnya, selain itu, namun, oleh karena itu, and akhirnya create coherence; unlinked sentences lose coherence marks even when grammatical.

Time markers

Sudah marks completed action, sedang marks action in progress, and akan marks future action; consistent use of these markers supports accurate tense reference in writing.

Relative clause with yang

The word yang links a noun to its describing clause, as in buku yang saya baca, and accurate use of such clauses raises the complexity of written language.

Conditional dengan jika

Clauses introduced by jika or kalau state a condition and are paired with a consequence clause; using them correctly demonstrates subordination in writing tasks.

Word count as task demand

The writing task sets a required length, and a response far below it cannot display enough vocabulary and structure to reach the higher assessment bands.

Oral exam structure

The oral has a general conversation about the student's life, school, and interests, followed by a discussion of a topic the student has researched in advance.

Detailed study topic

The discussion topic must relate to Indonesian or Indonesian-related culture or society, and the student must state facts, give reasons, and express a position on it.

Oral assessment criteria

Marks come from communication, content and relevance, range and accuracy of language, and pronunciation and intonation; fluency alone without content or accuracy does not reach the top band.

Extended answer pattern

A strong oral response states a position, gives a reason with menurun saya or sebabnya, and adds an example or detail rather than stopping at ya or tidak.

Repair phrases in oral

Phrases such as maaf, bisa diulang? and maksud saya... let a candidate recover from misunderstanding; they are accepted strategies rather than failures.

Indonesian e sounds

The letter e has two values: e pepet, a schwa as in besar, and e taling, a clear vowel as in meja; confusing them affects pronunciation marks.

Opinion language in discussion

Phrases such as menurut saya, sebaiknya, and dampaknya adalah signal evaluation and independent opinion, which the discussion section rewards beyond reciting prepared facts.