VCE Persian flashcards
VCE Persian · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- VCE Persian oral parts
- The oral has two parts: a general conversation about the student's life and interests, and a detailed discussion of a negotiated Detailed Study topic linked to Persian language or culture.
- Detailed Study requirement
- A negotiated topic connected to the Persian-speaking world, supported by a primary source such as a text or film, and presented through a written statement before the examination.
- Oral cue card rule
- A short cue card of key names, dates, and vocabulary may be used in the Detailed Study discussion, but it must not contain a continuous prepared script.
- Oral assessment criteria
- Communication, content, range and accuracy of language, and pronunciation and intonation are each scored on descriptive scales rather than as percentages.
- Ezāfe construction
- An unstressed -e links a noun to a following modifier or possessor, as in 'کتابِ من' (my book) and 'خانهٔ بزرگ' (the big house).
- Persian word order
- Persian is subject–object–verb: the verb normally comes last, and yes/no questions are formed by intonation rather than by inverting subject and verb.
- Present progressive in Persian
- Formed with forms of 'داشتن' plus the short present stem, as in 'دارم می‌روم' (I am going) and 'دارد می‌خورد' (he is eating).
- Future tense in Persian
- Commonly expressed with the auxiliary 'خواهم/خواهی/خواهد' plus the past stem, as in 'خواهم رفت' (I will go).
- Persian perfect tense
- The past participle plus present forms of 'بودن', as in 'رفته‌ام' (I have gone), expressing a completed action with present relevance.
- Polite vs informal address
- 'شما' with plural verb endings marks polite address even to one person; 'تو' with singular endings marks informal address among friends and family.
- Colloquial Persian reductions
- Spoken Persian reduces final '-ān' to '-ūn' (تهران → تهرون) and drops final '-d' in many verbs (می‌رود → میره), which matters for listening.
- Persian stress placement
- Stress usually falls on the last syllable of a word, though some suffixes and verb endings shift it; correct stress supports intelligibility in the oral.
- Oral repair strategies
- Self-correcting in Persian, asking for repetition with 'می‌شود تکرار کنید؟', and paraphrasing are accepted; switching to sustained English lowers the language score.
- Extending an oral answer
- A strong oral response goes beyond one clause by adding a reason, example, or comparison, which demonstrates content and range of language.
- Persian alphabet size
- Persian uses a right-to-left Arabic-derived alphabet of 32 letters, adding four letters beyond the core Arabic set: پ, چ, ژ, گ.
- Unwritten short vowels
- Short vowels are usually not written in Persian, so letters like و, ی, and ا can represent consonants or long vowels and context determines the reading.
- Definite object marker را
- 'را' follows a specific direct object, as in 'کتاب را خواندم' (I read the book), and is omitted with generic or indefinite objects.
- Persian plural formation
- '-ها' forms the general plural, often for inanimate nouns, while '-ان' forms many animate and Arabic-derived plurals; both attach directly to the noun.
- Comparative and superlative
- The suffix '-تر' forms the comparative (بزرگ‌تر, bigger) and '-ترین' forms the superlative (بزرگ‌ترین, biggest) without a separate word.
- Persian past stem
- The past stem is made by removing the final '-ن' from the infinitive: 'رفتن' gives 'رفت' and 'خوردن' gives 'خورد', used to build past tenses.
- Persian negative verb prefix
- The prefix 'نـ' negates verbs, as in 'نمی‌روم' (I do not go) and 'نرفتم' (I did not go), and is written joined to the verb.
- Persian punctuation marks
- Persian uses '،' for the comma, '؛' for the semicolon, and '؟' for the question mark, with text running right to left.
- Persian letter conventions
- A Persian letter opens with a salutation such as 'با سلام' and closes with formulas such as 'با احترام' or 'با تشکر'.
- Formal written Persian register
- Formal writing prefers full verb forms such as 'می‌خواهم' and 'می‌رود' and avoids the colloquial contractions that are normal in speech.
- Listening section procedure
- Listening passages are played a fixed number of times, note-taking during playback is permitted, and answers are written after each playback.
- Inference questions in reading
- Questions asking 'why' or 'how' require explanation drawn from the Persian text rather than a copied phrase, and marks are allocated for the explanation.
- Writing task marking criteria
- The writing task is marked on relevance to the prompt, text-type conventions, range of vocabulary and structures, and grammatical accuracy.
- Persian word roots
- Shared roots help decode unfamiliar words: 'نویس' (write) appears in 'نویسنده' (writer) and 'نوشتن' (to write).
- Persian reported speech
- Reported speech shifts pronouns and tense and often uses 'که' to introduce the clause, as in 'گفت که می‌آید' (he said he would come).
- Persian cohesive devices
- Linking words such as 'اما' (but), 'بنابراین' (therefore), 'همچنین' (also), and 'در نتیجه' (as a result) connect ideas in written Persian.
- Diary entry conventions
- A diary entry uses first person, past tense, and informal register, often with colloquial verb forms and personal reflection.
- Formal article conventions
- A formal article uses impersonal or third-person constructions, formal vocabulary, full verb forms, and a clear introduction and conclusion.