WA ASET flashcards
WA ASET · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Main idea
- The central claim or point that an entire passage supports. Every paragraph should relate to it, and it is broader than any single supporting detail.
- Inference
- A conclusion drawn from evidence in the text that is implied rather than directly stated. It must be strongly supported by details the author provides.
- Context clue
- Surrounding words that reveal a word's meaning. Types include definition, example, contrast, and cause-effect clues embedded in nearby sentences.
- Author's purpose
- The reason a text was written, usually to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain. The dominant verb of the passage reveals which purpose applies.
- Fact versus opinion
- A fact can be verified by independent evidence. An opinion expresses judgment or belief and often contains words such as best, should, or unfair.
- Comma splice
- An error joining two independent clauses with only a comma. Repair it with a period, a semicolon, or a comma plus coordinating conjunction.
- Dangling modifier
- A descriptive phrase that does not clearly attach to the word it describes, often because the intended subject is missing from the main clause.
- Parallel structure
- Using the same grammatical form for items in a list or comparison, such as all gerunds or all infinitives, so the sentence reads evenly.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The verb must match its subject in number. Ignore prepositional phrases between them, since the object of a preposition is not the subject.
- Conjunctive adverb punctuation
- Words such as however and therefore need a semicolon before them and a comma after when they join two independent clauses.
- Percent change formula
- Subtract the original value from the new value, divide by the original value, then multiply by 100 to express the change as a percent.
- Unit rate
- A ratio expressed per single unit of the second quantity, found by dividing. It allows direct comparison of prices or speeds with different quantities.
- Mean, median, mode
- Mean is the sum divided by the count, median is the middle of an ordered list, and mode is the most frequent value. Outliers affect the mean most.
- Order of operations
- Evaluate parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right.
- Unit conversion by cancellation
- Multiply by a fraction equal to one, such as 100 centimeters over 1 meter, arranged so the unwanted unit cancels and the desired unit remains.
- Probability of single event
- The number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of equally likely outcomes. The result always falls between zero and one.
- Working backward
- A strategy that substitutes answer choices into the problem's conditions, or reverses the given steps, to find which option satisfies every requirement.
- Correlation versus causation
- Two variables moving together does not prove one causes the other. A third variable or reverse causation may explain the association.
- Sufficient versus necessary condition
- A sufficient condition guarantees the outcome whenever it holds. A necessary condition must hold for the outcome but does not guarantee it.
- Base-rate neglect
- Ignoring how common a condition is in a population. With a rare condition, even an accurate test yields many false positives.
- Hidden assumption
- An unstated premise an argument depends on. If the assumption is false, the conclusion no longer follows from the stated evidence.
- Estimation check
- Rounding values to convenient numbers before computing to confirm the final answer is the right order of magnitude and not a misplaced decimal.
- Active listening
- Paying full attention, then restating the speaker's point in your own words to confirm understanding before offering a response or objection.
- SMART goal
- A goal that is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, making progress and completion easy to track objectively.
- Urgent versus important
- Urgent tasks demand immediate attention; important tasks advance real goals. Prioritize important work and schedule or delegate merely urgent items.
- Chain of command
- The formal reporting order in an organization. Concerns normally go to the immediate supervisor first, except where safety or law requires faster escalation.
- Constructive feedback
- Feedback that is specific, focused on observable behavior, timely, and oriented toward an agreed improvement rather than personal criticism.
- CRAAP test
- Five criteria for evaluating a source: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose. Each is checked against the research question at hand.
- Lateral reading
- Leaving a source to check what other independent sites say about its author, claims, and reputation, rather than judging it in isolation.
- Phishing indicators
- Warning signs of fraudulent messages: mismatched sender domains, artificial urgency, unexpected attachments, and requests for passwords or payment details.
- HTTPS limitation
- HTTPS encrypts data traveling between browser and server. It confirms a secure connection, not that the site's owners or content are trustworthy.
- 3-2-1 backup rule
- Keep three copies of data on two different media types, with one copy stored off-site, so a single failure cannot destroy all versions.