Aruba Landsexamen MAVO key terms

The part of a sentence that performs the action or about which something is said; in Dutch grammar it determines the verb's number and person.

The conjugated verb in a Dutch sentence that changes form to agree with the subject and shifts position when the sentence becomes a question or command.

The verb or verb group that tells what the subject does or is; in Dutch it may include a main verb plus helping verbs or a noun part.

The direct object: the person or thing that undergoes the action of the verb, found by asking 'wat' or 'wie' plus the predicate.

The indirect object: the person or thing that receives the direct object or benefits from the action, often introduced by 'aan' or 'voor'.

The central claim or main point a text wants to convey, usually stated in or inferable from the introduction and conclusion rather than from a single detail.

The logical link between sentences or paragraphs, such as cause, contrast, example, or sequence, often signalled by connecting words like 'omdat', 'maar' or 'daardoor'.

A linking word that shows how two text parts relate, for example 'echter' for contrast, 'dus' for conclusion, or 'eerst' for sequence.

A unit of pronunciation containing one vowel sound, used in Dutch for spelling rules, hyphenation at line breaks, and correct syllable division.

A fixed convention for writing Dutch correctly, such as doubling a consonant after a short vowel or using '-t' in the third person singular present tense.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from the individual words, such as 'de kat uit de boom kijken' meaning to wait and see.

Language used in a non-literal way to create an image or comparison, including metaphors and personification, as opposed to plain literal description.

A figure of speech that describes one thing as if it were another without using 'like' or 'as', for example calling a difficult task a mountain.

The repetition of similar sounds at the ends of words or lines, a basic feature of poetry and songs that candidates must be able to recognise and name.

A group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song, separated from other groups by a blank line and often following a repeated rhyme pattern.

The native creole language of Aruba, with Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and African influences, used in daily life, media and local administration alongside Dutch.

The official spelling system of Papiamento, fixed by the Aruban government, which candidates must apply correctly in written assignments and dictation.

A set of agreed rules for using a language correctly, covering spelling, grammar and word choice; in Papiamento lessons it refers to the standard language norms.

A short traditional Papiamento saying that expresses a piece of folk wisdom, often used in conversation and tested for its figurative meaning.

The most important point an English text makes about its topic, usually expressible in one sentence and supported by the remaining details.

A sentence, usually first in a paragraph, that states the paragraph's central point and is then supported by examples or explanations.

A conclusion drawn from evidence in a text rather than stated directly, requiring the reader to combine clues with background knowledge.

The grammatical form of a verb that locates an action in time, such as present simple for habits, past simple for finished events, and present perfect for links to now.

An English verb whose past tense and past participle do not follow the regular '-ed' pattern, for example 'go-went-gone' or 'buy-bought-bought'.

A number expressed as a part of one hundred, calculated by dividing a part by the whole and multiplying by one hundred.

A comparison of two quantities showing how many times one contains the other, often written with a colon and used to scale recipes, maps or mixtures.

The ratio between a drawing or map and reality, for example 1:100 meaning one centimetre on paper equals one hundred centimetres in real life.

The arithmetic mean, found by adding all values and dividing the total by the number of values; a measure of central tendency.

The amount of two-dimensional space a shape covers, measured in square units such as square centimetres or square metres.

The total distance around the outside edge of a flat shape, measured in ordinary length units such as centimetres or metres.

The amount of three-dimensional space a solid occupies, measured in cubic units such as cubic centimetres or litres.

The Aruban constitution of 1986 that established Aruba as a separate country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands with its own parliament and government.

The parliament of Aruba, whose members are elected by Aruban voters and who together make laws and control the Aruban government.

The head of the Aruban government, appointed after elections and responsible for coordinating the ministers and representing Aruba in the Kingdom's affairs.

A person holding Dutch nationality who was born in Aruba, or born elsewhere to a parent born in Aruba, and who therefore has special rights such as voting.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen, forming the base of most food chains.

The sequence in which energy and matter pass from producers such as plants to herbivores and then to predators in an ecosystem.

The mass of a substance per unit volume, calculated as mass divided by volume and used to explain why some objects float and others sink.

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms or grams and unchanged by location, unlike weight which depends on gravity.

The rules and habits that prevent accidents at work, such as wearing protective equipment, keeping exits clear and reporting dangerous situations immediately.

The agreement between an employer and an employee setting out working hours, pay, duties and notice periods, which both parties are legally bound to follow.